As early as the 6th century B.C. the earth was seen to be spherical.

At Eretria the identity of an excavated 7th and 6th century temple to Apollo Daphnephoros, " Apollo, laurel-bearer ", or " carrying off Daphne ", a " place where the citizens are to take the oath ", is identified in inscriptions.

In the 6th century BC the kingdom of Lydia almost expanded to the whole of Asia Minor, until it became a satrapy of the Persian Empire.

Later during the 6th century BC, most of Anatolia was conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Persians having usurped the Medes as the dominant dynasty in Iran.

Also, in the 6th century BC, the Indo-European Armenians founded the Orontid Dynasty in Urartu.

In India, the Ājīvika, Jain, and Cārvāka schools of atomism may date back to the 6th century BCE.

In general, the alphabets of the Mediterranean region ( Anatolia, Greece, Italy ) are classified as Phoenician-derived, adapted from around the 8th century BCE, while those of the East ( the Levant, Persia, Central Asia and India ) are considered Aramaic-derived, adapted from around the 6th century BCE from the Imperial Aramaic script of the Achaemenid Empire.

By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established.

The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

* Pherecydes of Syros ( 6th century BC )

The earliest records of the study of this phenomenon are attributed to the philosopher Pythagoras in the 6th century BC.

In the 6th century BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras wanted to know why some musical intervals seemed more beautiful than others, and he found answers in terms of numerical ratios representing the harmonic overtone series on a string.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

Area settled by the Alemanni, and sites of Roman-Alamannic battles, 3rd to 6th century

Thus 6th century Gallo-Romans of Gregory's class, surrounded by the ruins of Roman temples and public buildings, attributed the destruction they saw to the plundering raids of the Alemanni.

The gold bracteate of Pliezhausen ( 6th or 7th century ) shows typical iconography of the pagan period.

We know that in the 6th century, the Alemanni were predominantly pagan, and in the 8th century, they were predominantly Christian.

Alcaeus ( Alkaios, ) of Mytilene ( c. 620 – 6th century BC ), Greek lyric poet from Lesbos Island who is credited with inventing the Alcaic verse.

By the 6th century Alexander's commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was referred to as " the commentator " ().

Anacharsis (; ) was a Scythian philosopher who travelled from his homeland on the northern shores of the Black Sea to Athens in the early 6th century BC and made a great impression as a forthright, outspoken " barbarian ", apparently a forerunner of the Cynics, though none of his works have survived.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

Hesychius of Miletus, Greek chronicler and biographer, surnamed Illustrius, son of an advocate, flourished at Constantinople in the 6th century AD during the reign of Justinian.

Jordanes, also written Jordanis or, uncommonly, Jornandes, was a 6th century Roman bureaucrat, who turned his hand to history later in life.

In his description of Scandza ( from the 6th century work, Getica ), the ancient writer Jordanes says that the Dani were of the same stock as the Suetidi ( Swedes, Suithiod?

The 6th century AD Getica of Jordanes records a persecution and expulsion of witches among the Goths in a mythical account of the origin of the Huns.

It was first described by the 6th century Goth scholar Jordanes in his Getica wherein he described the inhabitants of Scandza ( Scandinavia ).

In later interpretations, which begin with Jordanes ( 6th century AC ) and have proliferated during the 19th and 20th century, mainly in Romania, he was regarded as the sole god of the Getae ( not to be confounded in this context with the Thracians or their relatives, the Dacians ) or as a legendary social and religious reformer of the Getae people to which he would have taught, following Herodotus, the belief in immortality, so that they considered dying merely as going to Zalmoxis.

The " reform of Deceneus " is the result of the elaborations of the 6th century bishop and historian Jordanes who includes the Getae in his history of the Goths: here he describes how Deceneus teaches the Getae people philosophy and physics.

The evidence allows a wide range of views, the most skeptical being that the work is mainly mythological, or if Jordanes did exist and is the author, that he describes peoples of the 6th century only.

Not only that but it seems that Jordanes has distorted Cassiodorus's narrative by presenting us a cursory abridgement of the latter, mixed with 6th century ethnic names.

Ermanaric is mentioned in two Roman sources ; the contemporary writings of Ammianus Marcellinus and in Getica by the 6th century historian Jordanes.

According to the 6th century historian Jordanes:

The Egðir are believed to be the same etymologically as the Augandzi people mentioned in the Getica of Jordanes, who wrote of Scandza ( Scandinavia ) in the 6th century.

They are mentioned in the 6th century in Jordanes ' Getica, by Procopius, and by Gregory of Tours.

Prominent Swedish archaeologist Göran Burenhult, regards Jordanes us a unique glimpse into the tribes of Scandinavia in the 6th century.

Similarly it has been suggested that the Vinoviloth mentioned by Jordanes in De origine actibusque Getarum in the 6th century CE could have been Kvens.

Jordanes ' Getica is a 6th century account of the Goths, written a century and a half after Christianity largely replaced the older religions among the Goths.

The Getae were also assumed to be the ancestors of the Goths by Jordanes in his Getica written at the middle of the 6th century.

Cassiodorus and his disciple Jordanes ( middle of the 6th century ) make the last known antique references ; Cassiodorus draws on parts of the Germania and Jordanes cites the Agricola, but both know the author only as Cornelius.

These mounted elite warriors are mentioned in the work of the 6th century Goth scholar Jordanes, who wrote that the Swedes had the best horses beside the Thuringians.

In a second theory, the Hǫrðar are identical to the Arochi dwelling in the Scandza mentioned in the Getica of Jordanes, which dates to the 6th century, but might refer to any time prior to then.

In the 6th century AD, Jordanes wrote that among the many tribes inhabiting the island of Scandza were the Suehans and the Hallins.