The first recorded use of the term Bretwalda comes from a West Saxon chronicle of the late 9th century that applied the term to Ecgberht, who ruled from 802 to 839.

According to the 802. 16-2004 standard, broadband means " having instantaneous bandwidths greater than 1 MHz and supporting data rates greater than about 1. 5 Mbit / s.

Legend has it that in 802 CE, Jayavarman II, king of the Khmers, first came to the Kuhlen hills, the future site of Angkor Wat.

If precise dates are required, the beginning may be set in 802 AD, when the founder of the Khmer Empire, Jayavarman II pronounced himself universal monarch ( chakravartin ) and declared independence from Java, and the end may be set in 1431 AD, when Thai invaders from the kingdom of Ayutthaya sacked Angkor and caused the Khmer elite to migrate to Phnom Penh.

* Chirp Spread Spectrum, a modulation concept, part of the standard IEEE 802. 15. 4aCSS

A 2011 estimate shows an increase to 100, 802.

As DECT and do not operate in the ISM band, they are not subject to the nor cause interference arising in this band from its use by 802. 11b and 802. 11g Wi-Fi, and cordless phones.

Ethernet was commercially introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985 as IEEE 802. 3.

Ingrid Fromm, Siemens ' representative to IEEE 802, quickly achieved broader support for Ethernet beyond IEEE by the establishment of a competing Task Group " Local Networks " within the European standards body ECMA TC24.

As early as March 1982 ECMA TC24 with its corporate members reached agreement on a standard for CSMA / CD based on the IEEE 802 draft.

Because the DIX proposal was most technically complete and because of the speedy action taken by ECMA which decisively contributed to the conciliation of opinions within IEEE, the IEEE 802. 3 CSMA / CD standard was approved in December 1982.

IEEE published the 802. 3 standard as a draft in 1983 and as a standard in 1985.

Approval of Ethernet on the international level was achieved by a similar, cross-partisan action with Fromm as liaison officer working to integrate International Electrotechnical Commission, TC83 and International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) TC97SC6, and the ISO / IEEE 802 / 3 standard was approved in 1984.

As with other IEEE 802 LANs, each Ethernet station is given a 48-bit MAC address.

IEEE 802. 15. 3-2003 is a MAC and PHY standard for high-rate ( 11 to 55 Mbit / s ) WPANs.

IEEE 802. 15. 3c-2009 was published on September 11, 2009.

IEEE 802. 11 is a set of standards for implementing wireless local area network ( WLAN ) computer communication in the 2. 4, 3. 6 and 5 GHz frequency bands.

The 802. 11 family consists of a series of half-duplex over-the-air modulation techniques that use the same basic protocol.

The segment of the radio frequency spectrum used by 802. 11 varies between countries.

802. 11 technology has its origins in a 1985 ruling by the U. S. Federal Communications Commission that released the ISM band for unlicensed use.

In 1991 NCR Corporation / AT & T ( now Alcatel-Lucent and LSI Corporation ) invented the precursor to 802. 11 in Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.

Vic Hayes, who held the chair of IEEE 802. 11 for 10 years and has been called the " father of Wi-Fi " was involved in designing the initial 802. 11b and 802. 11a standards within the IEEE.

The original version of the standard IEEE 802. 11 was released in 1997 and clarified in 1999, but is today obsolete.

Legacy 802. 11 with direct-sequence spread spectrum was rapidly supplanted and popularized by 802. 11b.

802. 11b has a maximum raw data rate of 11 Mbit / s and uses the same media access method defined in the original standard.

In 2003, task group TGma was authorized to " roll up " many of the amendments to the 1999 version of the 802. 11 standard.

802. 11n is an amendment which improves upon the previous 802. 11 standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output antennas ( MIMO ).

In 2007, task group TGmb was authorized to " roll up " many of the amendments to the 2007 version of the 802. 11 standard.

802. 11 divides each of the above-described bands into channels, analogous to the way radio and TV broadcast bands are sub-divided.

Even now, many devices are shipped with channels 1, 6 and 11 as preset options even though with the newer 802. 11g standard there are four non-overlapping channels-1, 5, 9 and 13.

At one extreme, Japan permits the use of all 14 channels for 802. 11b, while other countries such as Spain initially allowed only channels 10 and 11, and France only allowed 10, 11, 12 and 13.

Beneath the LLC sublayer is the Media Access Control ( MAC ) sublayer, which is dependent on the particular medium being used ( Ethernet, token ring, FDDI, 802. 11, etc.

It is almost never implemented on Ethernet, although it is used on FDDI and on token ring, IEEE 802. 11, and other IEEE 802 networks.

Licensed amateur radio operators may operate 802. 11b / g devices under Part 97 of the FCC Rules and Regulations, allowing increased power output but not commercial content or encryption.

Wireless security includes: WPA-PSK, WPA2, IEEE 802. 1x / RADIUS, WDS, WEP, TKIP, and CCMP ( AES ) encryption.

The EAPOL protocol was also modified for use with IEEE 802. 1AE (“ MACsec ”) and IEEE 802. 1AR ( Secure Device Identity, DevID ) in 802. 1X-2010 to support service identification and optional point to point encryption over the local LAN segment.

; WPA2: Also known as IEEE 802. 11i-2004, is the successor of WPA, and replaces the TKIP encryption protocol with CCMP to provide additional security.

* Wireless connectivity: Built-in 802. 11 Wireless Network Connection ( WEP encryption support only ).

The book is slightly out of date as it was written before IEEE 802. 11i was finalized but much of the content is still useful for those who want to find out how encryption and authentication is done in a Wi-Fi network.

Counter Cipher Mode with Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol or CCMP ( CCM mode Protocol ) is an encryption protocol designed for Wireless LAN products that implement the standards of the IEEE 802. 11i amendment to the original IEEE 802. 11 standard.

As with other 802. 1X and EAP types, dynamic encryption can be used with PEAP.

AirSnort is a Linux and Microsoft Windows utility ( using GTK +) for decrypting WEP encryption on an 802. 11b network.

The TKIP encryption algorithm was developed for WPA to provide improvements to WEP that could be fielded as firmware upgrades to existing 802. 11 devices.

In order to implement 802. 11i, one must first make sure both that the router / access point ( s ), as well as all client devices are indeed equipped to support the network encryption.