In this tale, a fisherman discovers a heavy locked chest along the Tigris river and he sells it to the Abbasid Caliph, Harun al-Rashid, who then has the chest broken open only to find inside it the dead body of a young woman who was cut into pieces.

The origin of the family goes back to a Prince Ma ' an who made his appearance in the Lebanon in the days of the ' Abbasid Caliph al-Mustarshid ( 1118 – 35 AD ).

The 9th century Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil of Iraq, ordered the construction of a " zawiyat qurra " – an enclosure for readers which was " lavishly furnished and equipped ".

He was sent to the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutawakkil to discuss the principle of the Holy Trinity with the Arab theologians, and to improve relations between the Caliphate and the Empire.

The Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur is said to have ordered this canal closed in 767 to prevent supplies from reaching Arabian detractors.

* Al-Muqtadi, Abbasid Caliph

* Al-Qadir, Abbasid Caliph

* Al-Qa ' im, Abbasid Caliph

* 750: The last Umayyad Caliph Marwan II ( 744 – 750 ) is overthrown and executed by the first Abbasid Caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah.

* Harun al-Rashid, fifth Abbasid Caliph

* January: Caliph al-Amin appoints Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan as governor of Khurasan, and sends him with an army against his brother al-Ma ' mun, thereby beginning the Abbasid Civil War or Fourth Fitna.

Al-Saffah is proclaimed the first Abbasid Caliph.

* Harun al-Rashid, the fifth Abbasid Caliph

* Al-Mahdi becomes the third Abbasid Caliph.

* Al-Mahdi, Abbasid Caliph

* September 14 – Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad upon the death of his brother al-Hadi, and appoints Salim Yunisi as the Abbasid governor of Sindh and the Indus Valley.

* August: Caliph al-Ma ' mun returns to Baghdad, securing the city's place as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.

* Large-scale Abbasid raid under Caliph al-Ma ' mun into Cappadocia.

* At-Ta ' i, the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 974 to 991

December: Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil.

* December 11 – Al-Mutawakkil, Abbasid Caliph ( b. 822 )

* Ahmad ibn Fadlan is sent from Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars, on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir.

* An-Nasir, Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad

During his short reign, Alexander found himself attacked by the forces of Al-Muqtadir of the Abbasid Caliphate in the East, and provoked a war with Simeon I of Bulgaria by refusing to send the traditional tribute on his accession.

It was the Abbasid emperor Al-Muqtadir ( d. 295 / 908 ), an enemy of the Ahl al-Bayt He attempted many times to stop the pilgrimage to the head, but in vain.

Mansur al-Hallaj ( ; full name ) ( March 26, 922 ) ( Hijri 309 AH ) was a Persian mystic, revolutionary writer and teacher of Sufism, most famous for his poetry, accusation of heresy and for his execution at the orders of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Muqtadir after a long, drawn-out investigation.

The execution of " Mansur Al-Hallaj " at the behest of the Abbasid Caliph " Al-Muqtadir " ( Baghdad, 26 March 922 ).

Al-Muqtadir () ( born 895 AD ( 282 AH ), died 31 October 932 AD ( 320 AH )) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 908 AD to 932 AD ( 295 AH-320 AH ).

But he was also known as Saqr Quraish (" The Falcon of the Quraish "), bestowed on him by one of his greatest enemies, the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur.

He also promised that if Mosul was given to him, it would lead to the capture of Jerusalem, Constantinople, Georgia, and the lands of the Almohads in the Maghreb, " until the word of God is supreme and the Abbasid caliphate has wiped the world clean, turning the churches into mosques.

The 13th century also saw attempts at a Franco-Mongol alliance, with exchange of ambassadors and ( failed ) attempts at military collaboration in the Holy Land during the later Crusades, though eventually the Mongols in the Ilkhanate, after they had destroyed the Abbasid and Ayyubid dynasties, eventually themselves converted to Islam, and signed the 1323 Treaty of Aleppo with the surviving Muslim power, the Egyptian Mamluks.

A fundamental change occurred when the Fatimid Caliph attempted to push into Syria in the later half of the 10th century, here they were faced with the now Turkish dominated forces of the Abbasid Caliph and began to realize the limits of their current military, thus during the reign of Abu Mansur Nizar al-Aziz Billah and Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah the Caliph began incorporating armies of Turks and later Black Africans ( even later, other groups such as Armenians were also used ).

The Mongols also invaded Korea, the Abbasid Caliphate of the Middle East, and Kievan Rus '.

The Abbasid period also coincided with two major innovations in the ceramic arts: the invention of faience, and of metallic lusterware.

Gäwürgala, which surrounds Erkgala, comprises the Hellenistic and Sassanian metropolis and also served as an industrial suburb to the Abbasid / Seljuk city, Soltangala – by far the largest of the three.

Many ceramics have also been recovered from the Abbasid and Seljuk eras, primarily from Gäwürgala, the city walls of Soltangala, and the Shahryar Ark.

Sinbad the Sailor ( also spelled Sindbad ; Arabic: السندباد البحري as-Sindibād al-Baḥri ; Persian: سندباد Sandbād ) is a fictional sailor and the hero of a story-cycle of Middle Eastern origin who hails from Basrah, living during the Abbasid Caliphate.

Abū Jaʿfar Abdullāh al-Māʾmūn ibn Harūn ( also spelled Almamon, Al-Maymun and el-Mâmoûn, Arabic ابوجعفر عبدالله المأمون ) ( 13 September 786 – 9 August 833 ) ( المأمون ) was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 813 until his death in 833.

* Majlis is also used to mean a salon ( musical or scientific ), especially during the Abbasid era, e. g., for discussing the recent translations from Greek.

There are also many Hassani and Hussayni ( double s lines ) who claim to be descendants of the Prophet but who are not so in reality, this is a long attested fact ; as well as which there are those who falsely claim descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle Al-Abbas to constitute part of the Ahl an ' Naas ( House of the Blood ) of the Prophet, the which is mostly done by Abbasis who wish to appear as descendants of the Prophet, ' though these are possible descendants of the Abbasid line which is separate to Banu Hashim ; along with many of the Shia ' at Ali who claim that descent through Ali is as, if not more, significant in terms of descent from Muhammad and thus falsely try to include Alvis and a cluster of others under the umbrella of being descendants of the Prophet Muhammad despite the clear lack of any blood lineage.

The Battle of Talas ( or Battle of Artlakh ) ( 怛羅斯會戰 ) ( معركة نهر طلاس ) in 751 AD was a conflict between the Arab Abbasid Caliphate and the Chinese Tang Dynasty, then under Emperor Xuanzong ( together with various other peoples and nations associated with the geographical territory involved ) for control not only of the Syr Darya region, but also a strategic area of Central Asia.

The Abbasid army ( 200, 000 Muslim troops according to Chinese estimates, though these numbers may be greatly exaggerated ) which included contingents from their Tibetan and Uyghur allies met the combined army of 10, 000 Tang Chinese and 20, 000 Karluks mercenary ( Arab records put the Chinese forces at 100, 000 which also may be greatly exaggerated ).

This so-called Baghdad Manifesto was read out in Friday mosques throughout the ‘ Abbasid domains accusing the Fatimids of Jewish ancestry also because of Al-Hakim ’ s alleged Christian mother he was accused of over sympathizing with non-Muslims and that he gave them more privileges than they should have been given under Islamic rule such accusations where manifested through poetry criticizing the Fatimids and that eventually led to the persecution of non-Muslims from 1007 till 1012.

The Aghlabid Emirs also sponsored building projects, notably the rebuilding of the Mosque of Uqba and the kingdom developed an architectural style which combined Abbasid architecture and Byzantine architecture.

Geonim (; also transliterated Gaonim ) were the presidents of the two great Babylonian, Talmudic Academies of Sura and Pumbedita, in the Abbasid Caliphate, and were the generally accepted spiritual leaders of the Jewish community world wide in the early medieval era, in contrast to the Resh Galuta ( Exilarch ) who wielded secular authority over the Jews in Islamic lands.

Hunayn ibn Ishaq ( also Hunain or Hunein ) (, ;, known in Latin as Johannitius ) ( 809 – 873 ) was a famous and influential Assyrian Nestorian Christian scholar, physician, and scientist, known for his work in translating Greek scientific and medical works into Arabic and Syriac during the heyday of the Islamic Abbasid Caliphate.

The Fatimids had long sought to completely supplant the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate based in Iraq, and like their Abbasid rivals they also took the title Caliph, representing their claim to the highest status within the Islamic hierarchy.

Appointed as the chief judge over several Khorasani districts near Nishapur, and Baghdad itself, al-Mawardi also served as a diplomat for the Abbasid caliphs al-Qa ' im and al-Qadir in negotiations with the Buyid emirs.

This approach to the matter would explain the working arrangement finally reached by the Buyids and the Abbasid caliphs, later followed also by the more efficient Seljuqs, whereby the military held actual power while recognizing the Caliph as the supreme head of government and receiving from him, in turn, recognition of their mundane authority.

Abū Maʿshar, Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Balkhī ( also known as al-Falakī or Ibn Balkhī, Latinized as Albumasar, Albusar, or Albuxar ) ( 10 August 787 in Balkh, Khurasan – 9 March 886 in Wāsiṭ, Iraq ), was a Persian astrologer, astronomer, and Islamic philosopher, thought to be the greatest astrologer of the Abbasid court in Baghdad.

As of 1134, Danishmend dynasty leaders also held the title Melik ( the King ) bestowed in recognition of their military successes by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mustarshid, although the Beys ( Emirs ) of Danishmend prior to 1134 may also be retrospectively referred to as Melik.