The British vacated Egypt two years later, leaving the Ottomans, the Albanians, and the long-weakened Mamluks jostling for control of the country.

Later the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) legally found that Serbia " use violence and terror to force a significant number of Kosovo Albanians from their homes and across the borders, in order for the state authorities to maintain control over Kosovo.

The Sublime Porte, in fact, armed the Albanians and allowed them to levy taxes, and when the Ottoman army withdrew from areas awarded to Montenegro under the Treaty of Berlin, Roman Catholic Albanian tribesmen simply took control.

Finally, the Great Powers blockaded Ulcinj by sea and pressured the Ottoman authorities to bring the Albanians under control.

In Macedonia, where Bulgarian -, Greek -, and Serbian-backed guerrillas were fighting Ottoman authorities and one another for control, Muslim Albanians suffered attacks, and Albanian guerrilla groups retaliated.

Unable to control the Albanians by force, the Ottoman government granted concessions on schools, military recruitment, and taxation and sanctioned the use of the Latin script for the Albanian language.

The control commission drafted a constitution that provided for a National Assembly of elected local representatives, the heads of the Albanians ' major religious groups, ten persons nominated by the prince, and other noteworthy persons.

Unable to control the Albanians by force, the Ottoman government granted concessions on schools, military recruitment, and taxation and sanctioned the use of the Latin script for the Albanian language.

Finally, the Great Powers blockaded Ulcinj by sea and pressured the Ottoman authorities to bring the Albanians under control.

In Macedonia, where Bulgarian -, Greek -, and Serbian-backed guerrillas were fighting Ottoman authorities and one another for control, Muslim Albanians suffered attacks, and Albanian guerrilla groups retaliated.

Serbian forces committed numerous war crimes during the implementation of " joint criminal enterprise " whose aim was to " through the use of violence and terror, force a significant number of Kosovo Albanians to leave their homes, across the border, the state government to retain control over Kosovo.

Whilst the present-day regions of Albania and Serbia were under Ottoman control, Curri represented the interests of the Albanians.

According to Mote, " Jamaican Yardies are selling crack cocaine in Hereford and Cambridgeshire, Chinese Snakeheads are operating in Lancashire and Norfolk, Albanians are running prostitution in Hampshire, Colombians control a cocaine network in Essex.

It is extremely doubtful that the handful of Albanians who call themselves Communists could have done this without the direct approval of their Chinese friends.

The big question is whether, in the name of a restored Chinese-Soviet solidarity, the Chinese will choose to persuade the Albanians to present their humble apologies to Khrushchev -- or get rid of Enver Hoxa.

Albanians celebrate their independence day on 28 November ( which is the date on which they declared their independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912 ), while in the former People's Socialist Republic of Albania the National Liberation festivity date was 29 November.

Upon the Ottomans ' return in 1478, a large number of Albanians fled to Italy, Greece and Egypt and maintained their Arbëresh identity.

The Albanians proved generally faithful to Ottoman rule following the end of the resistance led by Skanderbeg, and accepted Islam more easily than their neighbors.

The Albanians, because of the higher degree of Islamic influence, their internal social divisions, and the fear that they would lose their Albanian-populated lands to the emerging Balkan states — Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece — were the last of the Balkan peoples to desire division from the Ottoman Empire.

Members of a second Albanian National Assembly held at Lushnjë in January 1920 rejected the partition plan and warned that Albanians would take up arms to defend their country's independence and territorial integrity.

Albanians fought against the Italians while, during Nazi German occupation, Balli Kombëtar allied itself with the Germans and clashed with Albanian communists, which continued their fight against Germans and Balli Kombëtar at the same time.

Student agitators combed the countryside, forcing Albanians to quit practicing their faith.

Because many of the Roma are believed to have sided with the Serbs during the conflict, taking part in the widespread looting and destruction of Albanian property, Minority Rights Group International report that Romani people encounter hostility by Albanians outside their local areas.

The government would give ethnic Albanians greater civil rights, and the guerrilla groups would voluntarily relinquish their weapons to NATO monitors.

After this meeting, leaders from both sides signalled a total unwillingness to compromise on their central demands ( Kosovo Albanians for Kosovo's independence ; Belgrade for continued sovereignty over Kosovo ).

After setting up and ambush and attacking their lightly armoured Humvee vehicles with small arms fire and RPG ’ s the patrol stopped and Macedonian forces and guerrillas exchanged fire in a short skirmish, after soldiers started retreating half of the patrol managed to escape one soldier was shot and 7 others captured and allegedly executed with knives and then their corpses were allegedly burned. News of the massacre sparked local uprisings against Muslim Albanians in several towns and cities across Macedonia, and such revolts included burning and vandalising shops and Mosques.

Stojanović's ethnic Albanian wife and their two children have been exposed to intensified intimidation, most notably because other Albanians consider her a traitor for marrying a Serb.

They call themselves Arvanites ( in Greek ) and Arbëror ( in their language ); the communities in northern Greece also use the term Shqiptar ( the same used by Albanians of Albania ), a term strongly disliked by all the other Arvanites, who also resent being called Albanians.

In 1899, leading representatives of the Arvanites in Greece, among them descendants of the independence heroes, published a manifesto calling their fellow Albanians outside Greece to join in the creation of a common Albanian-Greek state.

During the 20th century, after the creation of the Albanian nation-state, Arvanites in Greece have come to dissociate themselves much more strongly from the Albanians, stressing instead their national self-identification as Greeks.

* Paschidis, Athanasios ( 1879 ): Οι Αλβανοί και το μέλλον αυτών εν τω Ελληνισμώ Albanians and their future in the Greek nation ".

In his article “ The Albanian Myth ” Russian historian and anthropologist Victor Schnirelmann demonstrated that Azerbaijani academics have been “ renaming prominent medieval Armenian political leaders, historians and writers, who lived in Karabakh and Armenia into “ Albanians .” Victor Schnirelmann argues that these efforts were first launched in the 1950s and were directed towards “ ripping the population of early medieval Karabakh off from their Armenian heritage ” and “ cleansing Azerbaijan of Armenian history .” In the 1970s, Azerbaijan made a transition from ignoring, discounting or concealing Armenian historical heritage in Soviet Azerbaijan to misattributing and mischaracterizing it as examples of Azerbaijani culture by arbitrarily declaring “ Caucasian Albanians ” as ancestors of modern Azerbaijanis.

Kosovo is a largely ethnic-Albanian nation ( Albanians 88 %, Serbs 6 %, Bosniaks 3 %, Roma 2 %, Turks 1 %), which seeks independence on territories long held by ethnic Serbs, including as part of Yugoslavia.

In the various territories of the Balkans inhabited by Albanians, armed forces were created during the 90s.

* Ethnic Albania is a term used primarily by Albanian nationalists to denote the territories claimed as the traditional homeland of the ethnic Albanians.

The memorandum was ignored by the congress, which recognised the competing claims of Serbia and Bulgaria to territories surrendered by the Ottoman Empire, and over those of Albanians.

The Ustaša Supreme Leadership has concluded an anti-Serb pact with the Arnauts Serbian term for Albanians and Muslim fundamentalists, the de-Serbianized but militant and loud minority in Montenegro, and the Serbophobic staffs around Macedonia, who are openly asking for our territories.

Large portions of the population began to travel to Senj in 1520 when the Ottoman Empire invaded the Balkan Peninsula with raids and destruction, bringing Senj natives together with those from the lands of Habsburg, other Croatians from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik, Albanians from southern Venetian territories, and Italians from the western shores of the Adriatic.

Relations between Albania and Yugoslavia declined, however, when the Albanians began complaining that the Yugoslavs were paying too little for Albanian raw materials and exploiting Albania through the joint stock companies.

Gaddafi supported Milošević even when Milošević was charged with large-scale ethnic cleansing against Albanians in Kosovo.

The Ottomans were ultimately expelled from the city on 12 August 1912 when 15, 000 Albanians marched on Üsküb.

The Albanians who had fled the village when the first Serb shells were fired at dawn tried to escape.

* while only various military commanders and since 1916 a Secretary for Civil Affairs in Albania ( Ugo Capialbi ) had acted for Rome since Italy invaded on 27 December 1914 ( occupying Valorë and parts of Southern Albania ; on 3 June 1917 Albanian independence under an Italian protectorate was declared by Italy, opposed by most Albanians ; adding in November 1918 the former Austro-Hungarian occupied areas to the Italian zone ) only since in 1919 an Albanian provisional government recognized by Italy as the legal government of the protected zone, consecutive High Commissioners for the Crown were appointed until Italy effectively withdraw its troops on 3 September 1920 ( as agreed on 22 August 1920 when formally recognizing the total independence of Albania ):

" Many of those people were still being cited as distinct ethnic entities when the right bank of Kura was acquired by the Caucasian Albanians in 387 AD.

An Italian KFOR patrol refused to lend fuel for the car which was transporting wounded children to hospital in Peć, when it ran out of fuel, and took no action when car was stoned by local Albanians.

* There is a strict code of conduct when meeting with Albanians.

The Naval Base of Pashaliman was the only Russian base in the Mediterranean in the 1950s, it was the hot spot of conflict between the Russians and the Albanians in 1961 when Albania pulled out of the Warsaw Treaty.

With time, Kosovo Albanians started an insurgency against Belgrade when the Kosovo Liberation Army was founded in 1996.

Tirana Year Zero ( Tirana, année zéro ), is a 2002 Albanian film that tells the story of a young couple in post-communist Albania, at a time when many Albanians left the country in search for a better life abroad.

The foundation is attributed to the Countess about 1450 on the ruins of a remote farmhouse seniority, the Hamlet of Comitissa, but the chapter officers, the granting of fiefs, were built in 1520, when he start the rebuilding, upgrading and restocking of Albanians from Albania and the southern Morea.

It was the target of new attacks by Albanians in the most serious unrest in Kosovo on 18 March 2004 when the nuns were evacuated for safety reasons by Danish KFOR troops.

During the armed conflict in 1998 Yugoslav Army and Serbian police used excessive and random force, which resulted in property damage, displacement of population and death of civilians Some consider that Belgrade had already unleashed Operation Horseshoe as early as the summer of 1998, when hundreds of thousands of Kosovar Albanians were driven from their homes.

Radio Television of Serbia never showed the columns of Albanians expelled by Serbian police and paramilitaries, except when a convoy of fleeing Albanians was killed by NATO bombs.

Moreover, Radio Television of Serbia never showed the 800, 000 Kosovar Albanians expelled by Serbian police and paramilitaries ( see Operation Horseshoe ), except when a convoy of fleeing Kosovars was killed by NATO bombs.

The Kachaks were popular among Albanians, and local support to them increased in the 1920s when Hasan Prishtina became a member of Albania ’ s parliament, Hoxhe Kadriu became Minister of justice, and Bajram Curri became Minister of war.

Those scholars who maintain the Illyrian origin of Albanians maintain that the indigenous Illyrian tribes dwelling in South Illyria went up in mountains when Slavs occupied the lowlands.

By the 19th century, when the population of Kalkandelen began to increase with settlement from the surrounding villages, the French traveler Ami Boue noted that the population had reached about 4, 500 people, which are Bulgarians, Albanians and Serbs.

The First Battle of Kosovo occurred on the field of Kosovo Polje on June 28, 1389, when the ruling knez ( prince ) of Serbia, Lazar Hrebeljanović, marshalled a coalition of Christian soldiers, made up of Serbs, but in small numbers also of Bosnians, Albanians, Bulgarians, Magyars and a troop of Saxon mercenaries.

Tensions erupted into open hostilities in the Republic in February 2001, when a group of ethnic Albanians near the Kosovo border carried out armed provocations that soon escalated into an insurgency.