The main sources available for discussion of this period include Gildas's De Excidio Britanniae and Nennius's Historia Brittonum, the Annales Cambriae, Anglo Saxon Chronicle, William of Malmesbury's Gesta Regum Anglorum and De Antiquitate Glastoniensis Ecclesiae, along with texts from the Black Book of Carmarthen and the Red Book of Hergest, and Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum as well as " The Descent of the Men of the North " ( Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd, in Peniarth MS 45 and elsewhere ) and the Book of Baglan.

* Phillimore, Egerton, ed., The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies from Harleian, MS. 3859, Y Cymmrodor 9 ( 1888 ) pp. 141 – 183.

* Remfry, P. M., Annales Cambriae.

( 1860 ), Annales Cambriae ( 4441288 ), London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.

The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the Annales Cambriae, the Historia Brittonum, and the writings of Gildas.

One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum ( History of the Britons ) and Annales Cambriae ( Welsh Annals ), sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano-British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons sometime in the late 5th to early 6th century.

The other text that seems to support the case for Arthur's historical existence is the 10th-century Annales Cambriae, which also link Arthur with the Battle of Mount Badon.

The latest research shows that the Annales Cambriae was based on a chronicle begun in the late 8th century in Wales.

Additionally, the complex textual history of the Annales Cambriae precludes any certainty that the Arthurian annals were added to it even that early.

The 10th-century Annales Cambriae, as copied into a manuscript of c. 1100

While it is not clear from the Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae that Arthur was even considered a king, by the time Culhwch and Olwen and the Triads were written he had become Penteyrnedd yr Ynys hon, " Chief of the Lords of this Island ", the overlord of Wales, Cornwall and the North.

In addition to these pre-Galfridian Welsh poems and tales, Arthur appears in some other early Latin texts besides the Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae.

Geoffrey places Arthur in the same post-Roman period as do Historia Brittonum and Annales Cambriae.

Certainly, Geoffrey seems to have made use of the list of Arthur's twelve battles against the Saxons found in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum, along with the battle of Camlann from the Annales Cambriae and the idea that Arthur was still alive.

Oswald may have had an ally in Penda's brother Eowa, who was also killed in the battle, according to the Historia Britonnum and Annales Cambriae ; while the source only mentions that Eowa was killed, not the side on which he fought, it has been speculated that Eowa was subject to Oswald and fighting alongside him in the battle, in opposition to Penda.

* Remfry, P. M., Annales Cambriae.

The Annales Cambriae has his death at 601, which would move his birth date forward.

This would corroborate the date given in the Annales Cambriae for the crucial British victory at the Battle of Mons Badonicus in 517, which is believed to have stopped further Anglo-Saxon encroachments in south-west and mid-Britain for at least a generation.

* The date, according to the Annales Cambriae, when Wales begins to celebrate Easter on the Roman date, at the teaching of Elbodugus.

* Battle of Camlann: King Arthur figths his last battle against the forces of his rebellious son ( or nephew ) Mordred and is mortally wounded ( This according to the 10th-century Annales Cambriae ).

* According to the Annales Cambriae, the Anglo-Saxons convert to Christianity after the Second Battle of Badon.

* Annales Cambriae.

There was a battle between the Mercians and the Welsh at Hereford in 760, and Offa is recorded as campaigning against the Welsh in 778, 784 and 796 in the tenth-century Annales Cambriae.

The Annales Cambriae, found in the Harleian recension of the Historia Brittonum, preserve an entry for AD 665 that records " the second battle of Badon " ( bellum Badonis ).

Arthur is again mentioned as the victor at Mons Badonicus in another ostensibly early source, the Annales Cambriae.

It was popularised for a wider readership in French by Joseph Diaz Gergonne in the first volume of his `` Annales " ( 1810 / 11 ), with further discussion in the second and tenth.

The Annales School () is a group of historians associated with a style of historiography developed by French historians in the 20th century.

One universally reviled trait in medieval Europe was the werewolf's habit of devouring recently buried corpses, a trait that is documented extensively, particularly in the Annales Medico-psychologiques in the 19th century.

Meat commonly preserved in fat and by smoking was mentioned by historian Jan Długosz in his annals: Annales seu cronici incliti regni Poloniae The Annales covered events from 965 to 1480, with mention of the hunting castle in Niepołomice along with King Władysław sending game to Queen Zofia from Niepołomice Forest, the most popular hunting ground for the Polish royalty beginning in 13th century.

In any case the historical Taliesin's career can be shown to have fallen in the last half of the 6th century, while historians who argue for Arthur's existence date his victory at Mons Badonicus in the years to either side of AD 500 ; the Annales Cambriae offers the date of 532 for his death or disappearance in the Battle of Camlann, only a few years earlier than the date of 542 found in the Historia Regum Britanniae.

Annales Cambriae, or The Annals of Wales, is the name given to a complex of Cambro-Latin chronicles deriving ultimately from a text compiled from diverse sources at St David's in Dyfed, Wales, not later than the 10th century.

* C is part of a book written at St David's, and is entitled Annales ab orbe condito adusque A. D. mcclxxviii ; this is also of the late 13th century.

Some continued to argue for its authenticity ; nearly a century after " Annales Ecclesiastici ", Christian Wolff still alluded to the Donation as undisputed fact.

Contradicting these claims, the medieval Annales Suecici Medii Aevi and the 13th century legend of Saint Botvid mention some Henry as the Bishop of Uppsala ( Henricus scilicet Upsalensis ) in 1129, participating in the consecration of the saint's newly built church.

Devana or Dziewanna is the Slavic equivalent of the Roman goddess Diana, mentioned by XV century Polish historian Jan Długosz in Annales seu cronici incliti regni Poloniae ( History of Poland ).

Dzydzilelya is a Polish female deity, mentioned by XV century historian Jan Długosz in Annales seu cronici incliti regni Poloniae ( History of Poland ).

Furet in the 1960s worked in terms of the Annales School, which locates the 1789 revolution in a " long " history of 19th century revolutionary France.

* Annales Fuldenses, sive Annales regni Francorum orientalis, X century.

The period was first identified and named by the Italian Cardinal and ecclesiastical historian Caesar Baronius in his Annales Ecclesiastici in the sixteenth century.

The 10th century Annales Cambriae give the date of Mons Badonicus as 516, and Arthur's death as occurring in 537 at Camlann.

A voluminous writer, his chief work was the Annales Minorum in 8 folio volumes ( 1625 – 1654 ), re-edited in the 18th century and continued up to the year 1622 ; it is the classical work on Franciscan history.

The medieval Annales Suecici Medii Aevi and the 13th century legend of Saint Botvid mention some Henry as the Bishop of Uppsala ( Henricus scilicet Upsalensis ) in 1129, participating in the consecration of the saint's newly built church.

It was at the end of the 7th century and among the Irish that the compiling of these Annals was first begun – see the Annals of the Four Masters, the Annals of Ulster, the Annals of Innisfallen and the Annales Cambriae or Annals of Wales, one of the earliest sources for King Arthur.

In the 9th century, during the great movement termed the Carolingian Renaissance, these Annals became the usual form of contemporary history ; it suffices to mention the Royal Frankish Annals, the Annales Fuldenses, the Annales Bertiniani, the Annales Laureshamenses ( or " of Lorsch "), officially compiled in order to preserve the memory of the more interesting acts of Charlemagne, his ancestors and his successors.