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The Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition has argued that this manner of drilling is a profoundly misguided step which endangers Lake Vostok itself and also other subglacial lakes in Antarctica ( which some scientists are convinced are inter-linked with Lake Vostok ).
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Antarctic and Southern
The equivalent polar circle in the Southern Hemisphere is called the Antarctic Circle.
It is surrounded by the southern waters of the World Ocean – alternatively ( depending on source ), it is washed by the Southern ( or Antarctic ) Ocean or the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.
* French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Further south still is the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front ( SACCF ), which is determined as the southernmost extent of Circumpolar Deep Water ( temperature of about 2 ° C at 400m ).
The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica and the ice shelves, waters, and island territories in the Southern Ocean situated south of the Antarctic Convergence.
Bassas da India ( French: Basse de Judie ) is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
Category: French Southern and Antarctic Lands
On July 19, 2007, the Iles Eparses entry and redirects for each island were dropped due to the group becoming a district of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands in February.
* French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Though uninhabited, it is part of the " Scattered Islands " of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands administrative region.
Category: French Southern and Antarctic Lands
The country also maintains a captive register for French-owned ships in Iles Kerguelen ( French Southern and Antarctic Lands ).
The French Southern and Antarctic Lands (, abbreviated TAAF ), full name Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (), consist of:
The French Southern and Antarctic Lands have formed a ( an overseas territory ) of France since 1955.
Category: French Southern and Antarctic Lands
The islands, along with Adélie Land, the Crozet Islands and the Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands are part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands and are administered as a separate district.
That same year they collectively became known as ( French Southern and Antarctic Lands ) and were administratively part of the French.
Category: Borders of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
The South Equatorial Current, flowing west along the equator, swings southward east of New Guinea, turns east at about 50 ° S, and joins the main westerly circulation of the Southern Pacific, which includes the Earth-circling Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
Category: French Southern and Antarctic Lands
* ATF, ISO 3166 country code of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Antarctic and Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean, not including Arctic and Antarctic regions
An expedition in May 2008 by 19 scientists studied the geology and biology of eight Macquarie Ridge sea mounts, as well as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to investigate the effects of climate change of the southern Ocean.
There remain only much smaller ( around 2, 000 ) concentrations in each of the eastern North Pacific, Antarctic, and Indian Ocean groups.
The Indian Ocean, not including the Antarctic region.
The African, Indian, and Antarctic crustal plates converge in the Indian Ocean at the Rodrigues Triple Point.
Deep water circulation is controlled primarily by inflows from the Atlantic Ocean, the Red Sea, and Antarctic currents.
The NADW flows southward through the Atlantic Ocean, approaching the Antarctic Bottom Water past the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
* 2007 –, a cruise liner carrying 154 people, sinks in the Antarctic Ocean south of Argentina after hitting an iceberg near the South Shetland Islands.
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean.
For instance, Bentheogennema borealis is abundant at 57 ° north in the Pacific Ocean, while collections of Gennadas kempi have been made as far south as 61 ° south in the Antarctic Ocean.
Not knowing the fact that at the time of dispersal, the Indian Ocean was much narrower than it is today, and that South America was closer to the Antarctic, one would be hard pressed to explain the presence of many " ancient " lineages of perching birds in Africa, as well as the mainly South American distribution of the suboscines.
* Cherel, Y., Bocher, P., De Broyer, C., Hobson, K. A., ( 2002 ) " Food and feeding ecology of the sympatric thin-billed Pachyptila belcheri and Antarctic P. desolata prions at Iles Kerguelen, Southern Indian Ocean " Marine Ecology Progress Series 228: 263 – 281
* Census of Antarctic Marine Life describing the diversity, distribution and abundance of marine life in the Southern Ocean.
Suitable locations for the observatories were selected in both hemispheres and representations were made to despatch an expedition to the Southern Ocean to carry out a magnetic survey of the Antarctic.
Volcanic observations on Scott Island in the Antarctic Ocean, Polarforschung, 60 ( 2 ), 82 – 83.
IMAX cameras have orbited the earth, climbed Mount Everest, explored the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, and visited the Antarctic.
* Pound sterling ( GBP, represented by the pound sign: "£"), the currency of the United Kingdom, its Crown dependencies ( the Isle of Man and the Channel Island bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey ), and the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British Antarctic Territory and British Indian Ocean Territory.
Aircraft flights, in which he served as a navigator and expedition leader, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, a segment of the Arctic Ocean, and a segment of the Antarctic Plateau.
Antarctic and has
Studies of phytoplankton stocks in the southern sea have shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is dominated by diatoms, while the Weddell Sea has abundant coccolithophorids and silicoflagellates.
Some research has been done on Antarctic phytoplankton as a carbon sink.
Its detectors got a trial run at the Antarctic Viper telescope as ACBAR ( Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver ) experiment — which has produced the most precise measurements at small angular scales to date — and at the Archeops balloon telescope.
The Antarctic Scientific Exploration of China has conducted successful meteorite searches since 2000.
Studies of bacteria frozen in Antarctic glaciers have shown that DNA has a half-life of 1. 1 million years under such conditions, suggesting that while life may have potentially moved around within the Solar System it is unlikely that it could have arrived from an interstellar source.
" The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society has attempted to disrupt illegal Japanese whaling in the Australian Antarctic Territory since 2003.
While the effect of the Antarctic ozone hole in decreasing the global ozone is relatively small, estimated at about 4 % per decade, the hole has generated a great deal of interest because:
A consortium, the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica ( EPICA ), has drilled at Dome C in the East Antarctic ice sheet and retrieved an ice core which dates to roughly 740, 000 years old.
In 1513, the Ottoman Turkish admiral Piri Reis drew a world map that has been said to show part of the Antarctic continent.
It was known by the native peoples of the Arctic that the livers of carnivores should not be eaten, but Arctic explorers have suffered Hypervitaminosis A from eating the bear livers ( and there has been at least one example of similar poisoning of Antarctic explorers eating husky dog livers ).
Argentina claims a section of Antarctica ( Argentine Antarctica ) but has agreed to suspend sovereignty disputes in the region as a signatory to the Antarctic Treaty.
Lukin has repeatedly reassured other signatory nations to the Antarctic Treaty System that the drilling will not affect the lake, arguing that on breakthrough, water will rush up the borehole, freeze, and seal the chemical fluids out.
Using molecular analyses and corroborated by fossils, it has been possible to demonstrate that perching birds evolved first in the region of Australia or the adjacent Antarctic ( which at that time lay somewhat further north and had a temperate climate ).
Author James Fenimore Cooper's earlier 1849 novel The Sea Lions, is a tale that begins with the death of a sailor who has left behind " two old, dirty and ragged charts " which lead to a seal-hunting paradise in the Antarctic as well as a location in the West Indies where pirates have buried treasure, a plot similar to Stevenson's tale.
He has an exceptional mastery of underwater navigation, taking upon himself the most difficult submarine passages, such as those under the Isthmus of Suez and the Antarctic ice sheet.
The Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate.
Deception Island is an island in South Shetland off the Antarctic Peninsula, which has one of the safest harbours in Antarctica.
The Arctic Tern has the longest-distance migration of any bird, and sees more daylight than any other, moving from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic non-breeding areas.
McMurdo has attempted to improve environmental management and waste removal over the past decade in order to adhere to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, which was signed Oct. 4, 1991, and entered into force Jan. 14, 1998.
This success of this species is due to its specialized predation on the abundant Antarctic krill of the Southern Ocean, for which it has uniquely adapted sieve-like tooth structure.
Antarctic krill has just recently been discovered and is now considered a fine dish.
On at least one occasion, an Antarctic minke whale has been confirmed migrating to the Arctic.
In addition, at least one wild hybrid between a common minke whale and an Antarctic minke whale has been confirmed.
The common species is slightly smaller than the Antarctic, which has much less white marking on the flippers.
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