In the NASA Apollo space missions to the moon in the 1960s and 1970s, all onboard computations for primary guidance, navigation and control were provided by a small custom processor called " The Apollo Guidance Computer ".

One of the first recognizably modern embedded systems was the Apollo Guidance Computer, developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory.

The other major customer of early integrated circuits was the Apollo Guidance Computer, which had similar weight and ruggedness constraints.

The Apollo Guidance Computer with its short production run and stringent reliability requirement was one of the early applications of wire wrap to computer assembly.

An example was the Apollo Guidance Computer used for the moon landings.

Their first line of ICs was the " micrologic " RTL ( Resistor-Transistor-Logic ) line which was used in the Apollo Guidance Computer.

The display and keyboard ( DSKY ) interface of the Apollo Guidance Computer mounted on the control panel of the Command Module, with the Flight Director Attitude Indicator ( FDAI ) above.

Partial list of numeric codes for verbs and nouns in the Apollo Guidance Computer.

The AGC in the Lunar Module ran its Apollo PGNCS ( Primary Guidance, Navigation and Control System ), pronounced as an acronym as pings.

The computer used in the spacecraft that first carried humans to the moon, the Apollo Guidance Computer, was constructed entirely using NOR gates with three inputs.

# REDIRECT Apollo Guidance Computer

Eldon Hall was the leader of hardware design efforts for the Apollo Guidance Computer ( AGC ) at MIT, and advocated the use of integrated circuits for this task.

He has written extensively of the development of the AGC, culminating in his 1996 book, Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer ( ISBN 1-56347-185-X )

Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer

* Apollo Guidance Computer

Some of their early uses were in embedded systems, notably used by NASA for the Apollo Guidance Computer, by the military in the LGM-30 Minuteman intercontinental ballistic missile, and in the Central Air Data Computer used for flight control in the US Navy's F-14A Tomcat fighter jet.

Apollo Guidance Computer –

* Apollo Guidance Computer

Schematic of a multi-transistor RTL NOR gate used to build the Apollo Guidance Computer

* Apollo Guidance Computer-first deployed computer to exploit integrated circuit technology of on-board, autonomous navigation in space

* Apollo Guidance Computer

* Apollo PRISM, a microprocessor made by Apollo Computer

From Apollo Computer came Display Manager ( 1981 ).

It initially ran on workstations from Sun Microsystems and Apollo Computers, but later ported its software to workstations made by Digital Equipment Corporation, HP, IBM and SGI, and later still, to the Apple Macintosh II and the IBM Personal Computer.

NFS and ONC figured prominently in the network-computing war between Sun Microsystems and Apollo Computer, and later the UNIX wars ( ca 1987-1996 ) between AT & T and Sun on one side, and Digital Equipment, HP, and IBM on the other.

In the late 1980s several companies were actively watching the 88000 for future use, including NeXT, Apple Computer and Apollo Computer, but all gave up by the time the 88110 was available in 1990.

In the early 1980s, with the advent of 32-bit microprocessors such as the Motorola 68000, a number of new participants in this field appeared, including Apollo Computer and Sun Microsystems, who created Unix-based workstations based on this processor.

* Apollo Computer

* Apollo Computer, Inc. a workstation manufacturer, acquired in 1989 by Hewlett-Packard

** Apollo / Domain, a series of workstations made by Apollo Computer

He had heard that the local workstation vendor Apollo Computer was looking for a database offering on their Unix machines, and they agreed to fund development.

Apollo / Domain was a range of workstations developed and produced by Apollo Computer from circa 1980 to 1989.

After the purchase of Apollo Computer by HP, a merged line of workstations that could run either Domain / OS or HP-UX was produced with the name HP / Apollo 425t and HP / Apollo 433s.

The AGC and its DSKY user interface were developed in the early 1960s for the Apollo program by the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory.

Core rope memory is a form of read-only memory ( ROM ) for computers, first used in the 1960s by early NASA Mars probes and then in the Apollo Guidance Computer ( AGC ) designed and programmed by the MIT Instrumentation Lab and built by Raytheon.

As the patron of Delphi ( Pythian Apollo ), Apollo was an oracular god — the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle.

Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague.

However, while Apollo has a great number of appellations in Greek myth, only a few occur in Latin literature, chief among them Phoebus ( ; Φοίβος, Phoibos, literally " radiant "), which was very commonly used by both the Greeks and Romans in Apollo's role as the god of light.

As sun-god and god of light, Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes ( ; Αἰγλήτης, Aiglētēs, from αἴγλη, " light of the sun "), Helius ( ; Ἥλιος, Helios, literally " sun "), Phanaeus ( ; Φαναῖος, Phanaios, literally " giving or bringing light "), and Lyceus ( ; Λύκειος, Lukeios, from Proto-Greek * λύκη, " light ").

In association with his birthplace, Mount Cynthus on the island of Delos, Apollo was called Cynthius ( ; Κύνθιος, Kunthios, literally " Cynthian "), Cynthogenes ( ; Κύνθογενης, Kunthogenēs, literally " born of Cynthus "), and Delius ( ; Δήλιος, Delios, literally " Delian ").

Apollo was worshipped as Actiacus ( ; Ἄκτιακός, Aktiakos, literally " Actian "), Delphinius ( ; Δελφίνιος, Delphinios, literally " Delphic "), and Pythius ( ; Πύθιος, Puthios, from Πυθώ, Pūthō, the area around Delphi ), after Actium ( Ἄκτιον ) and Delphi ( Δελφοί ) respectively, two of his principal places of worship.

Acesius was the epithet of Apollo worshipped in Elis, where he had a temple in the agora.

A temple was dedicated to Apollo Medicus at Rome, probably next to the temple of Bellona.

As a god of archery, Apollo was known as Aphetor ( ; Ἀφήτωρ, Aphētōr, from ὰφίημι, " to let loose ") or Aphetorus ( ; Ἀφητόρος, Aphētoros, of the same origin ), Argyrotoxus ( ; Ἀργυρότοξος, Argurotoxos, literally " with silver bow "), Hecaërgus ( ; Ἑκάεργος, Hekaergos, literally " far-shooting "), and Hecebolus ( ; Ἑκηβόλος, Hekēbolos, literally " far-shooting ").

Apollo was called Ismenius ( ; Ἰσμηνιός, Ismēnios, literally " of Ismenus ") after Ismenus, the son of Amphion and Niobe, whom he struck with an arrow.

Apollo was worshipped throughout the Roman Empire.

Apollo was worshipped at Mauvières ( Indre ).

This epithet was given to Apollo in parts of Gaul, Northern Italy and Noricum ( part of modern Austria ).

Apollo Belenus was a healing and sun god.

Grannus was a healing spring god, later equated with Apollo.

An epithet for Apollo at Alesia, where he was worshipped as god of healing and, possibly, of physicians.

Apollo Virotutis was worshipped, among other places, at Fins d ' Annecy ( Haute-Savoie ) and at Jublains ( Maine-et-Loire ).

At Delphi, Apollo was venerated as the slayer of Pytho.

For the Greeks, Apollo was all the Gods in one and through the centuries he acquired different functions which could originate from different gods.

The magicians were also called " seer-doctors " ( ιατρομάντεις ), and they used an ecstatic prophetic art which was used exactly by the god Apollo at the oracles.

It was in this way that Apollo had become recognised as the god of music.

Apollo Delphinios was a sea-god especially worshiped in Crete and in the islands, and his name indicates his connection with Delphi and the holy serpent Delphyne ( womb ).

We don't know his original name, but it seems that he was absorbed by the more powerful Apollo, who stood by the " Mistress of the animals ", becoming her brother.