Aksum ( called " Yaksum " in Arabic sources ) was perplexingly referred to as " of Ma ' afir " ( ḏū maʻāfir ), the southwestern coast of Yemen, in Abraha's Marib dam inscription, and was succeeded by his brother, Masruq.

A series of coins minted c. 1200 in the name of Queen Tamar depicted a local variant of the Byzantine obverse and an Arabic inscription on the reverse proclaiming Tamar as the " Champion of the Messiah ".

; March 2005: Allah inscription: The word " Allah ", in approximately a foot-tall Arabic script, was found newly carved into the ancient stones, an act viewed by Jews as vandalism.

It bears an inscription in Arabic with the Hijra year | Hegira date of 528 ( 1133 – 34 ).

the earliest date is put around the 14th century where a copperplate inscription of Parakarama Bahu IV ( 1302-1326 ) refers to two persons who were declared exempt from certain taxes which included " gun licenses ". http :// www. island. lk / index. php? page_cat = article-details & page = article-details & code_title = 22207 many also believe that it was the Portuguese who first brought over actual muskets during their invasion of the Sri Lankan Coastline and low lands in 1505 as they regularly used short barrelled matchlocks during combat, however, P. E. P. Deraniyagala points out that the Sinhala term for gun, ‘ bondikula ’ matches the Arabic term for gun, ‘ bunduk .’ Also that certain technical aspects of the early Sinhalese matchlock were similar to the matchlocks used in the Middle East, thus forming the generally accepted theory that the musket was not entirely new to the island by the time the Portuguese came, but it was only in a short matter of time that native Sri Lankan kingdoms, most notably the kingdom of Sitawaka and the Kandyan Kingdom where Sinhalese muskets with a unique bifurcated stock, longer barrel and smaller calibre, which made it more efficient in driving out the energy from the gunpowder, where manufactured by the hundreds and mastered by soldiers to the point where according to the Portuguese invader, Queyroz, they could " fire at night to put out a match " and " by day at 60 paces would sever a knife with four or five bullets " and " send as many on the same spot in the target.

For the first two years a somewhat caricatured portrait of the monarchs was used, replaced by a rather more staid portrait in 1691, with the inscription, while the reverse shows a crowned Arabic number " 3 " and the inscription.

The oldest known text in Arabic alphabet is an inscription found in Jabal Ram 50 km east of Aqaba.

It is a green flag featuring in white an Arabic inscription and a sword.

The Arabic inscription on the flag, written in the Thuluth script, is the shahada or Islamic declaration of faith:

The latest incarnation of the coat of arms has the added inscription of the shahadah in Arabic at the top.

It stands just outside the Quwwatul mosque, and an Arabic inscription suggests that it might have been built to serve as a place for the muezzin, to call the faithfuls for namaz.

The oldest inscription so far discovered in Classical Arabic goes back to 328 AD and is known as the inscription, written in the Nabataean alphabet and named after the place where it was found in southern Syria in April 1901.

The caravanserai of Hekimhan is unique in having, underneath the usual inscription in Arabic with information relating to the edifice, two further inscriptions in Armenian and Syriac, since it was constructed by the sultan Kayqubad I's doctor ( hekim ) who is thought to have been a Christian by his origins, and to have converted to Islam.

An inscription in Arabic reads: " Made by the order of Hugh, favoured by God, the one at the vanguard of the elite troops of the Franks, Hugh of the Lusignans ".

An inscription in Arabic reads: " Made by the order of Hugh, favoured by God, the one at the vanguard of the elite troops of the Franks, Hugh of the Lusignans ".

Lintel with Arabic inscription from 1925

A Ğabdulla Tuqay's gravestone in 2011 with name inscription in Tatar language in Arabic script

After the Franciscan friars ' eviction, this room was transformed into a mosque, as evidenced by the mihrab in the direction of Mecca and an Arabic inscription prohibiting public prayer at the site.

Remnants of a mosque ( Mughal period, 1176 AH ) at Nayarhat ( Rajarhat ), remnants of a mosque near Patweshwari Bazar ( Mughal period ), three domed mosque ( Mughal period ) at village Majider Par of Thanahat Union ( Bhurangamari ), Arabic inscription of a mosque ( Hussain Shahi period, now preserved at the Rajshahi Barendra Museum ), Joymoni Zamindar Bari, Naodanga Zamindar Bari and Mandir ( Phulbari ), Pangeshwari Mandir and remnants of the Rajbari ( Rajarhat ), image of Kali at Dasherhat, images of Mangal Chandi, Kamakkha Devi, Laksmi and Sattanarayan in front of the Bhetarbandh Zamindar Bari, Kali Siddheshwari Mandir ( Ulipur ), two canons of Panga Kingdom ( preserved at the BDR Gate )..

The Arabic inscription reads " His name is Abd al-Rahman ".

Image: Kilakarai Arabic tombstone. jpg | Tombstone with Arabic & Tamil ( Arwi ) inscription ( at Old Jumma Masjid )

Iron plate with an order 6 magic square in Persian / Arabic numbers from China, dating to the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 – 1368 ).

* an editorial layer dating from the 1590s ; and comprising, at the least, the Spanish preface and the Arabic annotations,

Arabic Manuscript of The Thousand and One Nights dating back to the 1300s

In the mid-20th century the scholar Nabia Abbott found a document with a few lines of an Arabic work with the title The Book of the Tale of a Thousand Nights, dating from the ninth century.

Arabic Manuscript of The Thousand and One Nights dating back to the 1300s

* One of the oldest Arabic manuscript fragments from Syria ( a few handwritten pages ) dating to the early 9th century.

Additionally, lead seals with the Arabic phrase " Halahil Ardth Al-Urdun " ( Master of the Land of Jordan ), dating from the late 7th to early 8th century CE, have been found in Jordan as well.

Iron plate with an order 6 magic square in Arabic numbers from China, dating to the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271-1368 ).

Its usage in the term lingua franca originated from its meaning in Arabic and Greek, dating from before the Crusades and during the Middle Ages, whereby all Western Europeans were called " Franks " or Faranji in Arabic and Phrankoi in Greek during the times of the late Eastern Roman Empire.

On the upper surface of these mounds was found a considerable Jewish town, dating from about the beginning of the Arabic period onward to the 20th century AD, in the houses of which were large numbers of incantation bowls.

His collection is vast and diverse, and includes Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Indian pieces dating from the 10th century.

In the Lisan al-Arab ( Ibn al-Manzur's definitive dictionary of classical Arabic, dating to the 14th century ) it is defined as follows:

It is presumed to originate from the town's beach and history with the Arabic peoples dating from a 19th Century music hall act of the same name.

The word mogul refers to the Mughal Empire ( mughal being Persian or Arabic for " Mongol ") of the Indian subcontinent that existed between 1526 and 1857: the early Mughal emperors claimed a heritage dating back to Mongol ruler Genghis Khan.

A famous example of romantic Arabic poetry is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century.

The Jarchas, dating from the 9th to the 12th centuries C. E., were short poems spoken in local colloquial Hispano-Romance dialects, known as Mozarabic, but written in Arabic script.

Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti, The 7th Maqāma of Maqamat al-Harīrī Arabic مقامات الحريري, dating from the mid-10th century, with a 13th century illustration.

IFEX's multilingual ( English, French, Spanish, Arabic ) website contains the largest searchable online archive of information on free expression violations, dating back to 1995.

PERF 558 is the oldest surviving Arabic papyrus, and the oldest dated Arabic text from the Islamic era, dating from 22 AH ( AD 642 ) and found in Heracleopolis in Egypt.

A famous example of Arabic poetry on romance is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century.

There are two Latin translations from the Arabic, the first one dating from around 1120 by John of Seville for the a Portuguese queen ( preserved today in some 150 copies ), the second one from circa 1232 by Philippus Tripolitanus ( preserved in more than 350 copies ), made in the Near East ( Antiochia ).

* Preclassical Arabic inscriptions dating to the 1st century BC from Qaryat Al-Faw, written in Epigraphic South Arabian alphabets.