Though he had a happy childhood surrounded by his many siblings, his family knew Francis was likely to be a future Emperor ( his uncle Joseph had no surviving issue from either of his two marriages ), and so in 1784 the young Archduke was sent to the Imperial Court in Vienna to educate and prepare him for his future role.

He knew he was cut off from his base ; so he ordered his cousin Ernst Casimir ( Ernst Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz ) with a force to delay the advancing Spanish while he was bringing the best part of the army to cross again the Yser and rejoin the rest of the army to face the Archduke.

The major part of the imperial army, under command of the Archduke Charles ', had wintered immediately east of the Lech River, which Jourdan knew, because he had sent agents into Germany with instructions to identify the location and strength of his enemy.

Just prior to World War I, under the orders of the Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence, Serbian Military Officers and remnants of the by then moribund Black Hand organized and facilitated the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria on occasion of his visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia.

Upon arriving at Archduke Franz Ferdinand's country seat, château Konopiště, on a semi-official visit, they promptly proceeded to do away with one of the Austro-Hungarian heir presumptive's priceless golden pheasants, thereby almost causing an international incident.

That day, he traveled to Innsbruck to visit the grave of Archduke Eugen of Austria.

On a visit to London in 1868, he was invited to perform Beethoven's Archduke Trio with pianist Anton Rubinstein and cellist Alfredo Piatti.

Taking the offensive he captured Port Mahon, Minorca, and after a visit to England, where he took part in the impeachment of Sacheverell, he returned to Spain and in 1710 helped to win the battles of Almenar and of Saragossa, his perseverance enabling the Archduke Charles to enter Madrid in September.

Nedeljko Čabrinović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Недељко Чабриновић ) ( 1895 – 23 January 1916 ) was a member of the nationalist Young Bosnia movement, and one of a group of seven who intended to assassinate Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria during his announced visit to Sarajevo.

In 1775 the opera was commissioned for a visit by the Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria, the youngest son of Empress Maria Theresa, to Salzburg.

When Dimitrijević heard that Archduke Franz Ferdinand was planning to visit Sarajevo in June 1914, he sent three members of the Young Bosnia group, Gavrilo Princip, Nedeljko Čabrinović, Trifko Grabež and four others from Serbia to assassinate him.

The Assassination in Sarajevo, during which the young Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, on their visit to the city, started a chain of events that would lead to World War I.

When it was announced that Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austro-Hungarian Empire, was going to visit Bosnia and Herzegovina in June 1914, Dragutin Dimitrijevic, the chief of the Intelligence Department in the Serbian Army and head of the Black Hand, sent three men, Grabež, Nedeljko Čabrinović and Gavrilo Princip to Sarajevo to assassinate him.

The king of Sweden and the count palatine of Neuburg presented him with golden chains ; Albert VII, Archduke of Austria, at whose court he lived in Delft, gave him a pension ; and Charles I vainly endeavoured to induce him to visit the English court.

The young Archduke was isolated, the reasoning being that this would make him more self-sufficient as it was felt by Joseph that Francis " fail to lead himself, to do his own thinking ".

Isidro Sepúlveda, William Jackson and George Hills explicitly refute it ( Sepúlveda points out that if such a fact had actually happened, it would have caused a big crisis in the Alliance supporting the Archduke Charles ; George Hills explains that the story was first accounted by the Marquis of San Felipe, who wrote his book " Comentarios de la guerra de España e historia de su rey Phelipe V el animoso " in 1725, more than twenty years after the fact ; the marquis was not an eye-witness and cannot be considered as a reliable source for the facts that took place in Gibraltar in 1704.

The Bavarian prince would have been the lawful heir to the Spanish throne under Philip IV's will, and remained a far less threatening candidate than those directly in the Bourbon or Habsburg lines, despite the willingness of both Leopold I and Louis XIV to defer their claims onto a junior branch of their Houses: Leopold to his younger son, the Archduke Charles, and Louis to the Dauphin's younger son, Philip, the Duke of Anjou.

The Italian territories would go to France, while the Archduke would receive the remainder of the Spanish empire.

Charles took steps to prevent the potential union of France and Spain ; should Anjou have by chance inherited the French throne, Spain would have gone to his younger brother, the Duc de Berri, and thereafter Archduke Charles was to have been next in the line of succession.

Meanwhile, the English, who had previously held the view that Philip could remain on the throne of Spain, now decided that their commercial interests would be more secure under the Archduke Charles.

Following the resignation of the Chancellor Prince Metternich during the Revolutions of 1848, the young Archduke, who it was widely expected would soon succeed his uncle on the throne, was appointed Governor of Bohemia on 6 April, but never took up the post.

Upon any possible refusal, the crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother, the Duke of Berry, then to the Archduke Charles of Austria, later Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI.

A tussle broke out on where his private railway carriage would be positioned in relation to the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

It was thought that the vicious and long-continued mutiny of a great part of the Spanish troops would make it impossible for the Archduke to collect an army for the relief of Nieuwpoort.

To the south, Archduke Charles and Kinsky would brush Osten and Bonnaud aside and wheel northwest, linking with Clerfayt and trapping the French left flank.

It thus became clear to the Archduke that another battle would be forthcoming, although he still nourished hopes that Napoleon himself may make peace overtures.

Archduke Charles did plan for the small " Army of Inner Austria " under Archduke John of Austria to march out from Pressburg, some 40 kilometers away, and participate in the battle, reckoning that the timely arrival of this force would reinforce his weak left.

Archduke Charles was however unsure about where the French would cross and, together with his staff reckoned that the crossing would most likely be made from the north of the island, making landfall roughly at the same location as at the Battle of Aspern-Essling.

But above all, the cautious Archduke Charles was unwilling to take the risk of committing his forces in such an advanced position, knowing that he would have a hard time extricating them, should retreat have become necessary.

Intelligence received on 4 July informed the Archduke that the French had weakened their position at Pressburg, a clear sign that the enemy would launch its operations very soon.

As chance would have it, heavy thunderstorms delayed delivery of the message, which only got to Archduke John 23 hours later.

Archduke Charles was by now well aware of Napoleon's intentions but remained fateful to his plan not to fight the battle on the flat Marchfeld plain, where the superior French cavalry would have given Napoleon a clear edge.

On the Austrian left, IV Korps, with the Advance Guard now attached to it, was to move against the French III Corps, and it was expected that Archduke John's " Army of Inner Austria " would arrive from Pressburg in time to support this attack.

The Methuen Treaty changed this as it confirmed that the alliance would try to secure the entire Spanish Empire for the Austrian claimant to the throne, the Archduke Charles, later Charles VI of Austria.

The Portuguese also insisted that Archduke Charles would come to Portugal to lead the forces in order to ensure full allied commitment to the war in Spain.

In the short and disastrous war of 1805 Archduke Charles commanded what was intended to be the main army in Italy, but events made Germany the decisive theatre of operations ; Austria sustained defeat on the Danube, and the archduke was defeated by Massena in the Battle of Caldiero.

It was also in 1914 that Apis decided that Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir-apparent of Austria, should be assassinated.

Since local rulers cannot be directly controlled by central authority, affairs are managed by a class of independent nobility, who make use of classic titles such as Baron, Duke and Archduke.

Furthermore, the terms of Charles ' will stipulated that Anjou was to be offered the choice of the whole Spanish Empire or nothing ; if he refused, the entire inheritance was to go to Anjou's younger brother Charles, Duke of Berry or to Archduke Charles of Austria if the Duke of Berry refused.

* Archduke Ferdinand III of Austria, heir apparent of the Habsburg Monarchy and a future Holy Roman Emperor, already King of Hungary ascends to be king of the religiously troubled Bohemia where his ( still living ) father's repression of Protestantism had triggered the ongoing Thirty Years ' War in 1618.

A group of ninety wealthy Milanese, who owned palchi ( private boxes ) in the theatre, wrote to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este asking for a new theatre and a provisional one to be used while completing the new one.

Archduke John and Weyrother overrode Lauer's cautious counsel and launched an all-out pursuit of an enemy they believed to be fleeing.

Situated on the left bank of the Danube, the city of Pressburg, where Archduke John of Austria ’ s secondary army was situated, was only 40 km away from Marchfeld plain, which meant that John's army could be called upon in due time for the upcoming battle.

However, the news were disappointing: Archduke John of Austria and his 13, 000 men-Charles's only hope for rescuing his collapsing left flank-would only be able to arrive towards 17: 00, much too late to make any difference.

Ferdinand was incapable of ruling his empire because of his mental deficiency, so his father, before he died, drafted a will promulgating that he consult Archduke Louis on every aspect of internal policy, and urged him to be influenced by Prince Metternich, Austria's foreign minister.

Frederick William now ordered Wrangel to withdraw his troops from the duchies ; but the general refused to obey, on the plea that he was under the command not of the king of Prussia but of the regent of the German Confederation, Archduke John of Austria, and proposed that, at least, any treaty concluded should be presented for ratification to the Frankfurt Parliament.

The Archduke Dispater rules this layer from the Iron Tower, an impregnable fortress that reaches far into the sky and can be seen everywhere on Dis ( literally ; by looking to any direction in the skyline one can see the Iron Tower ).

Rudolf's close friend, Professor Udel, further explained his master's " strange choice ": He said that Vetsera shared a certain " mystic temperament " with the Archduke, who could be " the most mystical of men " in that he displayed a " strong vein of superstition ".

At the international level, O ' Neill and O ' Donnell had offered themselves as vassals of King Philip II of Spain in late 1595, and suggested that Archduke Albert might be crowned Prince of Ireland, which was declined.

In 1527, Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria declared that seductive doctrines and heretical sects " will not be tolerated.

As a titular Duke of Modena, the current holder of the title of " Prince of Carrara " would be Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este.

A good example would be " In Sarajevo in 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was shot in the Balkans ".