Thucydides was probably connected through family to the Athenian statesman and general Miltiades, and his son Cimon, leaders of the old aristocracy supplanted by the Radical Democrats.

In order to counter this, and possibly with an eye already at the mounting Persian preparations, in 483 / 2 BC the Athenian statesman Themistocles used his political skills and influence to persuade the Athenian assembly to start the construction of 200 triremes, using the income of the newly discovered silver mines at Laurion.

* 457 BC: Athenian statesman Pericles ' greatest reform, allowing common people to serve in any state office, inaugurates Golden Age of Ancient Athens.

* 468 BC — death of Aristides, Athenian statesman

* Theramenes, Athenian statesman

* Alcibiades, Athenian statesman ( b. c. 450 BC )

* Lycurgus, Athenian statesman and orator ( b. c. 396 BC )

* Aspasia ( 469 BC-409 BC ), lover of the Athenian statesman Pericles

* 496 BC – Sophocles, Athenian dramatist and statesman

* 468 BC – Aristides, Athenian statesman ( b. 530 BC )

* The Athenian soldier and statesman, Aristides, as well as the former Athenian archon Xanthippus, return from banishment in Aegina to serve under Themistocles against the Persians.

* 429 BC – Pericles, Athenian statesman ( epidemic )

** Nicias, Athenian soldier and statesman ( b. 470 BC )

* 594 Solon, Athenian statesman, becomes Archon pre-582BC ( cf.

* 457 Pericles, Athenian statesman begins Golden Age, he was taught by Anaxagoras, who believed in dualistic Universe and atoms

Solon ( or ;, c. 638 BC – 558 BC ) was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet.

* Sophocles, Athenian dramatist and statesman ( d. 406 BC )

* The Athenian soldier and statesman, Aristides " the Just ", is made chief archon of Athens.

* The Athenian general and statesman, Xanthippus, is ostracised.

The Athenian soldier and statesman, Aristides, is one of those ostracised due to his opposition to Themistocles ' naval policy.

* Lycurgus, Athenian statesman and orator ( d. 323 BC )

* Phocion, Athenian statesman and general ( d. c. 318 BC )

Alcibiades, son of Clinias, from the deme of Scambonidae (; Greek:, transliterated Alkibiádēs Kleiníou Skambōnidēs ; c. 450 – 404 BC ), was a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and general.

Kotys had already married his daughter to the Athenian general Iphicrates.

In 454 BC, the Athenian general Pericles moved the Delian League's treasury from Delos to Athens, allegedly to keep it safe from Persia.

After four years, however, the Egyptian rebellion was defeated by the Achaemenid general Megabyzus, who captured the greater part of the Athenian forces.

Under the guidance of Miltiades, the Athenian general with the greatest experience of fighting the Persians, the Athenian army marched quickly to block the two exits from the plain of Marathon, and prevent the Persians moving inland.

Miltiades the Younger ( c. 550 – 489 BC ) was tyrant of the Thracian Chersonese and the Athenian commanding general in the Battle of Marathon.

It first prevented the candidate for expulsion being chosen out of immediate anger, although an Athenian general such as Cimon would have not wanted to lose a battle the week before such a second vote.

The Athenian strategy was initially guided by the strategos, or general, Pericles, who advised the Athenians to avoid open battle with the far more numerous and better trained Spartan hoplites, relying instead on the fleet.

Led militarily by a clever new general Demosthenes ( not to be confused with the later Athenian orator Demosthenes ), the Athenians managed some successes as they continued their naval raids on the Peloponnese.

In addition, the fear of a general revolt of helots emboldened by the nearby Athenian presence drove the Spartans to action.

After these battles, the Spartan general Brasidas raised an army of allies and helots and marched the length of Greece to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis in Thrace, which controlled several nearby silver mines ; their product supplied much of the Athenian war fund.

Themistocles ( Greek: ; " Glory of the Law "; c. 524 – 459 BC ), was an Athenian politician and a general.

The Athenian aristocracy, and indeed Greek aristocrats in general, were loath to see one person pre-eminent, and such maneuvers were commonplace.

* 403 BC: Thrasybulus restores the Athenian democracy and grants an almost general amnesty.

* 488 BC — Death of Miltiades, Athenian general

* c. 450 BC — birth of Alcibiades, Athenian general and politician

* The Athenian general Thrasybulus is exiled by the Thirty ( the oligarchy of Athens ), and he retires to Thebes.

Athens ' actions are incited by the speeches of the Athenian general Leosthenes and the Athenian orator Hypereides.

When the Macedonian army approaches Thracian Chersonese ( the Gallipoli Peninsula ), an Athenian general named Diopeithes ravages this district of Thrace, thus inciting Philip's rage for operating too near one of his towns in the Chersonese.

* Timotheus, the son of the Athenian general Conon, is elected strategos of Athens.

However, the Athenian mission led by the Athenian general Laches is unable to offer much help.