In 371 BC at a Panhellenic congress of the Lacedaemonian allies, he voted in support of the Athenians ' claim and joined other Greeks in voting to help Athens to recover possession of Amphipolis.

When the Athenians formed the Delian League Chios joined as one of the few members who did not have to pay tribute but instead supplied ships to the alliance.

The Ionian Greeks later joined the Athenians in the " Delian League " against Persia.

Following the defeat of the Persians by the Athenians in 478 BC, the cities joined the Athenian-dominated Delian League.

Though the Athenians have at this time joined the Theban forces, they were still outnumbered by the Spartans ; their combined forces numbering only at 1, 700 cavalry, 12, 000 hoplites, and around 5, 000 light infantry.

By 417, Perdiccas had left the Athenians and joined the Spartan-Argive alliance.

The Spartans sent an embassy to Argos and the Argives accepted a truce by the terms of which they gave up Orchomenus, all their hostages and joined up with the Spartans in evicting the Athenians from Epidaurus.

Later, when the Athenians changed sides and joined the Spartans, he repulsed Epaminondas before the walls of Corinth.

Recruiting a force of mercenaries and joined by many other city-states the Athenians were at first able to bring superior numbers against the enemy as Antipater, the Macedonian viceroy in Europe, was short on troops due to the Macedonian campaigns in the east.

Having been dismissed by Timotheus ( 362 BC ) he joined the revolted satraps Memnon and Mentor in Asia, but soon lost their confidence, and was obliged to seek the protection of the Athenians.

Later in the same year, under the motivation of Demosthenes, a confederation of the Athenians and the Thebans was organized against the Macedonians, which the Amfissians and the rest of the Ozolian Locrians joined.

The Athenians therefore dispatched a force to Thermopylae and occupied the pass ; there is some debate as to whether other contingents may have joined the Athenians at Thermopylae.

After a first unsuccessful attempt at colonisation in 497 BC by the Milesian Tyrant Histiaeus, the Athenians founded a first colony at Ennea-Hodoi (‘ Nine Ways ’) in 465, but these first ten thousand colonists were massacred by the Thracians.

Diogenes Laertius reports the story that he was prosecuted by Cleon for impiety, but Plutarch says that Pericles sent his former tutor, Anaxagoras, to Lampsacus for his own safety after the Athenians began to blame him for the Peloponnesian war.

Hipparchus, brother of the tyrant Hippias, was killed by Harmodius and Aristogeiton, who were subsequently honored by the Athenians for their alleged restoration of Athenian freedom.

In the Gorgias written years later Plato has Socrates contemplating the possibility of himself on trial before the Athenians: he says he would be like a doctor prosecuted by a pastry chef before a jury of children.

It does seem clear that possession of slaves allowed even poorer Athenians — owning a few slaves was by no means equated with wealth — to devote more of their time to political life.

Aeschylus's work was so respected by the Athenians, that after his death his were the only tragedies allowed to be restaged in subsequent competitions.

Of all the causes of defection, that connected with arrears of tribute and vessels, and with failure of service, was the chief ; for the Athenians were very severe and exacting, and made themselves offensive by applying the screw of necessity to men who were not used to and in fact not disposed for any continuous labor.

Around the same time, due to encouragement from influential speaker Themistocles, the Athenians also constructed the Long Walls connecting their city to the Piraeus, its port, making it effectively invulnerable to attack by land.

In 458 BC, the Athenians blockaded the island of Aegina, and simultaneously defended Megara from the Corinthians by sending out an army composed of those too young or old for regular military service.

The Athenians were preparing to make reprisals, in spite of the advice of the Delphic oracle that they should desist from attacking Aegina for thirty years, and content themselves meanwhile with dedicating a precinct to Aeacus, when their projects were interrupted by the Spartan intrigues for the restoration of Hippias.

After the death of Cleomenes and the refusal of the Athenians to restore the hostages to Leotychides, the Aeginetans retaliated by seizing a number of Athenians at a festival at Sunium.

In 1693 Morosini resumed command, but his only acts were to refortify the castle of Aegina, which he had demolished during the Cretan war in 1655, the cost of upkeep being paid as long as the war lasted, by the Athenians, and to place it and Salamis under Malipiero as Governor.

According to accounts which vary in some of the details, in 340 BC the Byzantines and their allies the Athenians were under siege by the troops of Philip of Macedon.

The new found freedom and self-governance of the Athenians meant that they were thereafter exceptionally hostile to the return of the tyranny of Hippias, or any form of outside subjugation ; by Sparta, Persia or anyone else.

Cleomenes's attempts to restore Isagoras to Athens ended in a debacle, but fearing the worst, the Athenians had by this point already sent an embassy to Artaphernes in Sardis, to request aid from the Persian Empire.

The fact that the Ionian democracies were inspired by the example of Athens no doubt further persuaded the Athenians to support the Ionian Revolt ; especially since the cities of Ionia were ( supposedly ) originally Athenian colonies.

The Athenians would have to hold out at Marathon for the time being, although they were reinforced by the full muster of 1, 000 hoplites from the small city of Plataea ; a gesture which did much to steady the nerves of the Athenians, and won unending Athenian gratitude to Plataea.

There were ten Athenian strategoi ( generals ) at Marathon, elected by each of the ten tribes that the Athenians were divided into ; Miltiades was one of these.

This passage is undoubtedly problematic ; the Athenians had little to gain by attacking before the Spartans arrived, and there is no real evidence of this rotating generalship.

Although this theory has the Persians moving to the strategic offensive, this can be reconciled with the traditional account of the Athenians attacking the Persians by assuming that, seeing the Persians advancing, the Athenians took the tactical offensive, and attacked them.

In this battle, the Athenians drew the Spartan fleet out to pursue a small force led by Alcibiades ; when the Spartans had gotten a good distance from land, two squadrons under the command of Thrasybulus and Theramenes appeared in their rear to cut off their retreat.

Fresh colonists poured in from all quarters, especially the Peloponnese ; and though it continued to be generally regarded as an Athenian colony, the Athenians in fact formed but a small element of the population.

King Artaxerxes thinks it just that the cities in Asia should belong to him, as well as Clazomenae and Cyprus among the islands, and that the other Greek cities, both small and great, should be left independent, except Lemnos, Imbros, and Scyros ; and these should belong, as of old, to the Athenians.

He also wrote some charming odes, idylls and elegies, and a small epic poem Cissides und Paches ( 1759 ), the subject being two Thessalian friends who die an heroic death for their country in a battle against the Athenians.

Athens thus fell to the Persians ; the small number of Athenians who had barricaded themselves on the Acropolis were eventually defeated, and Xerxes then ordered Athens to be razed.

The Melian dialogue, contained in Thucydides ' History of the Peloponnesian War, is an account of the confrontation between the people of Melos, a small island in the southern Aegean Sea, and the Athenians in 416 – 415 BC.

In the days after the battle, the Athenians refitted their ships at Sestos and dispatched a small detachment to Cyzicus, recapturing that town and seizing 8 triremes encountered along the way.

When a small Greek force holding the pass of Thermopylae was defeated, the Athenians evacuated Athens, which was taken by the Persians.

Not long after the catastrophe, the Athenians built a wall to enclose the Acropolis and a small area to the north.

King Artaxerxes thinks it just that the cities in Asia should belong to him, as well as Clazomenae and Cyprus among the islands, and that the other Greek cities, both small and great, should be left independent, except Lemnos, Imbros, and Scyros ; and these should belong, as of old, to the Athenians.

The Poseidonion rapidly became the favorite vacation spot for high society, royalty and the rich Athenians who came to enjoy a small slice of the grand life.