Obersturmbannführer Rudolf Höss was overall commandant of the Auschwitz complex from May 1940 – November 1943 ; Obersturmbannführer Arthur Liebehenschel from November 1943 – May 1944 ; and Sturmbannführer Richard Baer from May 1944 – January 1945.

Whereas the Auschwitz II ( Auschwitz – Birkenau ) and Majdanek camps were parts of a labor camp complex, the Operation Reinhard camps and the Chełmno camp were exclusively for the quick extermination of many people ( primarily Jews ) within hours of their arrival.

For months, young Jewish women, like Ester Wajcblum, Ella Gärtner, and Regina Safirsztain, had been smuggling small amounts of gunpowder from the Weichsel-Union-Metallwerke, a munitions factory within the Auschwitz complex, to men and women in the camp ’ s resistance movement, like Róza Robota, a young Jewish woman who worked in the clothing detail at Birkenau.

Auschwitz, in English, commonly refers to the Auschwitz concentration camp complex built by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Most of the 4097 Jews listed by the Germans were eventually deported to the Auschwitz death camp complex and perished there in the Holocaust.

Auschwitz I was the administrative center for the complex ; Auschwitz II Birkenau was the extermination camp, where most of the killing took place ; and Auschwitz III Monowitz the slave labour camp for I. G.

The Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials, known in German as der Auschwitz-Prozess or der zweite Auschwitz-Prozess, ( the " second Auschwitz trial ") was a series of trials running from December 20, 1963 to August 10, 1965, charging 22 defendants under German penal law for their roles in the Holocaust as mid-to lower-level officials in the Auschwitz-Birkenau death and concentration camp complex.

Auschwitz concentration camp ( ) was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II.

It was the largest of the German concentration camps, consisting of Auschwitz I ( the Stammlager or base camp ); Auschwitz II – Birkenau ( the Vernichtungslager or extermination camp ); Auschwitz III – Monowitz, also known as Buna – Monowitz ( a labor camp ); and 45 satellite camps.

Auschwitz had for a long time been a German name for Oświęcim, the town by and around which the camps were located ; the name " Auschwitz " was made the official name again by the Germans after they invaded Poland in September 1939.

The three main camps were Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II-Birkenau, and a work camp called Auschwitz III-Monowitz, or the Buna.

After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's Jews were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp or, in early 1943, were shipped to death camps, such as Auschwitz.

" The distinction was evident during the Nuremberg trials, when Dieter Wisliceny ( a deputy to Adolf Eichmann ) was asked to name the extermination camps, and he identified Auschwitz and Majdanek as such.

Most Holocaust historians identify six German Nazi extermination camps, all in occupied Poland ; two of them, Chełmno and the Auschwitz II, in the western Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany ( October 1939 ), four in the General Government area.

He also claimed very high survival rates for the camps at Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen, even as these sites were liberated and it became obvious that his figures were false.

* June 29 – The Holocaust – The deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz and other Nazi concentration camps begins.

* January 27 – The Holocaust: The Red Army liberates the Auschwitz and Birkenau death camps.

As the Red Army drew nearer to Auschwitz concentration camp and the other easternmost concentration camps, the SS began evacuating the remaining prisoners westward.

Infirmaries in extermination camps like Auschwitz where prisoners were gassed or experimented on were often separated from other areas by electrified wire and were often braided with branches to prevent outsiders from knowing what was concealed behind their walls.

Auschwitz II – Birkenau was designated by the Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, Germany's Minister of the Interior, as the place of the " final solution of the Jewish question in Europe ".

On January 27, 1945, Auschwitz was liberated by Soviet troops, a day commemorated around the world as International Holocaust Remembrance Day.

Auschwitz I served as the administrative center, and was the site of the deaths of roughly 70, 000 people, mostly ethnic Poles and Soviet prisoners of war.

Auschwitz II was an extermination camp or Vernichtungslager, the site of the deaths of at least 960, 000 Jews, 75, 000 Poles, and some 19, 000 Roma.

His father was sent via Drancy to Auschwitz where he died in 1942.

The company that would become Commodore Business Machines, Inc. was founded in 1954 in Toronto as the Commodore Portable Typewriter Company by Polish immigrant and Auschwitz survivor Jack Tramiel.

There he met Rudolf Höss, who was later commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, and Walther Darré, whose book, The Peasantry as the Life Source of the Nordic Race, caught Hitler's attention, leading to his later appointment as Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture.

Members of Polgár's family perished in the Holocaust, and her grandmother was a survivor of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

The German court found in favour of Gladitz, agreeing that Riefenstahl had known the extras were from a concentration camp, and they agreed with Riefenstahl on only one count ( finding that Riefenstahl had not informed the Gypsies that they would be sent to the Auschwitz camp after filming was completed ).

Adorno ’ s 1949 dictum —" To write poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric "— posed the question of what German culture could mean after Auschwitz ; his own continual revision of this dictum — in Negative Dialectics, for example, he wrote that " Perennial suffering has as much right to expression as a tortured man has to scream "; while in “ Commitment ,” he wrote in 1962 that the dictum " expresses in negative form the impulse which inspires committed literature "— was part of post-war Germany ’ s struggle with history and culture.

** The steamer Danae () carrying 350 Cretan Jews and 250 Cretans on the first leg of their way to Auschwitz was sunk without survivors off the shore of Santorini.

This killing process differed significantly from the process at Auschwitz and Majdanek, where the poisonous gas Zyklon B was used.

Although she moved from Germany to the Netherlands to avoid Nazi persecution, in 1942 she was arrested and sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where she died in the gas chamber.

** The Catholic Church calls for removal of the Carmelite convent located near the former Auschwitz concentration camp, whose presence had offended some Jewish leaders.

Conv., ( Polish: Maksymilian Maria Kolbe ; 8 January 1894 – 14 August 1941 ) was a Polish Conventual Franciscan friar, who volunteered to die in place of a stranger in the Nazi German concentration camp of Auschwitz, located in German-occupied Poland during World War II.

The local Jewish population was forced to live in ghettos, and was gradually deported to concentration and extermination camps, the most infamous of which, Auschwitz, was located in annexed East Upper Silesia.

* 1940 to 1941 Expulsions of 17 000 Polish and Jewish residents from the western districts of city Oświęcim from places located directly adjacent to Auschwitz Concentration Camp, and also from the villages of Broszkowice, Babice, Brzezinka, Rajsko, Pławy, Harmęże, Bór, and Budy.

Brzezinka (, ) is a village in southern Poland, located about from Oświęcim ( Auschwitz ), in the district of Gmina Oświęcim, Oświęcim County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship.

Members of the Belgian Resistance freed Jewish and Gypsy civilians who were being transported by train from the Dossin Barracks located in Mechelen, Belgium to the Auschwitz concentration camp.

The exceptional action by members of the Belgian resistance occurred to free Jewish and gypsy civilians who were being transported by train from the Dossin army base located in Mechelen, Belgium to the concentration camp Auschwitz.

He then published two influential essays, The Meaning of Working Through the Past ( 1959 ), and Education after Auschwitz ( 1966 ), in which he argued on the survival of the uneradicated National Socialism in the mind-sets and institutions of the post-1945 Germany, and that there is still a real risk that it could raise again.

Ordained in Germany in 1935, she died in Auschwitz concentration camp | Auschwitz in 1944.

Zyklon B was used by Nazi Germany to poison prisoners in the gas chambers of the extermination camps Auschwitz Birkenau and Majdanek, and in Sachsenhausen concentration camp.

She ponders about medical experiments conducted by Nazi physicians ; about the gas chambers in the death camps, implicitly comparing a crowded New York subway with a cattle wagon to Auschwitz ; the Nazis making soap with human fat ; Pope Pius XII and Roman Catholicism ; displaced Jews after World War II ; anti-Semitism in general ; Neo-Nazis in Germany and Austria ; the world population of Jews in 1939 and today and the fact that there were " no Jews left " in Poland after World War II ; business in the DP camps ( i. e. bartering with cigarettes ), coffee but also Nazi memorabilia ; and she considers with disgust a video game on CD-ROM entitled " How to Survive the Holocaust ".

During World War II the city was annexed by Nazi Germany and its Jewish population was sent to nearby Auschwitz extermination camp.

McCloy was criticized for several of his decisions as Assistant Secretary of War, including his support for retaining General George S. Patton in the European theater of operations, his opposition to the atomic bombing of Japan, his refusal to endorse compensation to Japanese-Americans held in internment camps, his refusal to endorse USAAF bombing raids on the rail approaches to Auschwitz concentration camp, and for his pardoning of convicted Nazi war criminals as High Commissioner for Germany.

This jointly owned venture, Ethyl GmbH, was involved with the creation of the Auschwitz labor camp on June 14, 1940, to produce artificial rubber from coal and they also built then operated tetraethyllead plants in Germany.

Magneto's experiences surviving Nazi Germany, Auschwitz, and Vinnytsia would shape his outlook on the situation that mutants face in the Marvel Universe.

He was first deported to the Nazi German concentration camps of Auschwitz in occupied Poland, then Buchenwald, Flossenburg in Germany and finally to Terezín ( Theresienstadt ) in occupied Czechoslovakia in 1945.

Just before the ` liberation ` by Soviets in January 1945, prisoners from Auschwitz had marched through Mikołów to Germany to work in labour camps.

He appeared in the 1948 film The Search as a nine-year-old Czech boy who had survived Auschwitz and was searching for his mother in post-war Germany.

Wolff was again tried in West Germany and in 1964 was convicted of deporting 300, 000 Jews to the Treblinka extermination camp, the deportation of Italian Jews to Auschwitz, and the massacre of Italian Partisans in Belarus.

Browne was born in Hamburg, Germany, to a British Army officer father and a Hungarian Auschwitz survivor.

They agreed not to go to Germany, especially because Schneider had lost his mother and sister at Auschwitz.

Further support for Gruner's thesis is provided by the fact that on 31 March 1943, several dozen Jewish men married to German women were released from Auschwitz and returned to Germany where they were employed in a labour camp.

In 1940, he accompanied Rudolf Höß to inspect Auschwitz as a possible site for a new synthetic coal oil and rubber plant, which was a vital industry in Germany given its shortage of oil.