Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is Australia's de facto official language and is the first language of the majority of the population.

The ACT has internal self-government, but Australia's Constitution does not afford the territory government the full legislative independence provided to Australian states.

Second, it is " merely an interpretative provision ", operating to ensure that references to " the Queen " in the Constitution are references to whoever may at the time be the incumbent of the " sovereignty of the United Kingdom " as determined with regard to Australia, following the Australia Act 1986, by Australian law.

Or, third, it incorporates the United Kingdom rules of succession into the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which itself can now be altered only by Australia, according to the Australia Act 1986 ; in that way, the British rules of succession have been patriated to Australia and, with regard to Australia, are subject to amendment or repeal solely by Australian law.

The Constitution stipulated that Australia was a constitutional monarchy, where the Head of State is the British ( or, since 1942, Australian ) monarch, who is represented at the federal level by a Governor-General, and at the state level by six Governors, one for each state.

All these things are done and all these posts are held under the authority of the Australian Constitution.

In Commentaries on the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, Garran noted that, since the Australian executive is national in nature ( being dependent on the nationally elected House of Representatives, rather than the Senate ), " the Governor-General, as the official head of the Executive, does not in the smallest degree represent any federal element ; if he represents anything he is the image and embodiment of national unity and the outward and visible representation of the Imperial relationship of the Commonwealth.

The Australian Constitution provides that: " 80.

The Prime Minister of Australia is appointed by the Governor-General of Australia under Section 64 of the Australian Constitution.

* January 26 – Australian citizenship comes into being and Constitution of India was prepared.

** The Australian referendum, 1967 passes with an overwhelming 90 % support, removing, from the Australian Constitution, 2 discriminatory sentences referring to Indigenous Australians.

* Australian Constitution Alteration ( Senate Elections ) Act, 1906, the first amendment to the Australian constitution

This is because the power to legislate on de facto matters relies on referrals by States to the Commonwealth in accordance with Section 51 ( xxxvii ) of the Australian Constitution, where it states the new federal law can only be applied back within a state There must be a state nexis, between the de facto relationship itself and the Australian state.

This is unlike marriage and ‘ matrimonial causes ’ which are recognised by sections 51 ( xxi ) and ( xxii ) of the Australian Constitution and internationally by Marriage law and conventions, Hague Convention on Marriages ( 1978 ).

In Brownlee v The Queen ( 2001 ) 207 CLR 278, the High Court of Australia unanimously held that a jury of 12 members was not an essential feature of " trial by jury " in section 80 of the Australian Constitution.

The High Court of Australia confirmed the authority of the Australian Parliament, under the Australian Constitution, to exercise universal jurisdiction over War Crimes in the Polyukhovich v Commonwealth case of 1991.

Fraser and the Liberal-CP senators ... lacked the numbers to defer the Budget until the arrival in the Senate of Albert Patrick Field, whose arrival was not due to any decision by the Australian voters but to a decision by one of the rulers, the Whitlam-hating Bjelke-Petersen ... Whitlam for his part had decided even before the Budget was deferred to embark upon the bold, Cromwellian project of changing the Australian Constitution, not through the vote of the mass electorate ... but through prodigious personal exertions backed by the support of his parliamentary followers.

As we understand the situation here, the Australian Constitution firmly places the prerogative powers of the Crown in the hands of the Governor-General as the representative of the Queen of Australia.

The only person competent to commission an Australian Prime Minister is the Governor-General, and The Queen has no part in the decisions which the Governor-General must take in accordance with the Constitution.

The first occasion was in 1988 for a museum tour as part of the Australian Bicentenary celebrations ; the second was for the 2006 / 7 Ashes series.

A fourth match was played, against a " United Australian XI ", which was arguably stronger than the Australian sides that had competed in the previous three matches ; this game, however, is not generally considered part of the 1882 – 83 series.

Australian captain Herbie Collins was stripped of all captaincy positions down to club level, and some accused him of throwing the match.

Bradman was succeeded as Australian captain by Lindsay Hassett, who led the team to 4 – 1 victory in 1950 – 51.

The series was overshadowed by the furore over various Australian bowlers, most notably Ian Meckiff, whom the English management and media accused of illegally throwing Australia to victory.

The Australian team of 1989 was comparable to the great Australian teams of the past, and resoundingly defeated England 4 – 0.

But the most dominant Australian player was leg-spinner Shane Warne, whose first delivery in Ashes cricket in 1993, to dismiss Mike Gatting, became known as the Ball of the century.

Use of the name " Ashes " was suggested by the Australian team when rugby league matches between the two countries commenced in 1908.

However, by mid-1837 the South Australian Register was warning of escaped convicts from New South Wales, and tenders for a temporary gaol were sought.

In 1867 gas street lighting was implemented, the University of Adelaide was founded in 1874, the South Australian Art Gallery opened in 1881 and the Happy Valley Reservoir opened in 1896.

* 1980 – Azaria Chamberlain disappears, probably taken by a dingo, leading to what was then the most publicized trial in Australian history.

The Australian Labor Party ( also ALP and Labor, was Labour before 1912 ) is a social-democratic political party in Australia.

The ALP was founded as a federal party prior to the first sitting of the Australian Parliament in 1901, but is descended from Labour parties founded in the various Australian colonies by the emerging labour movement in Australia, formally beginning in 1891.

Labor was the first party in Australia to win a majority in either house of the Australian Parliament, at the 1910 federal election.

Australian English started diverging from British English after the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788 and was recognised as being different from British English by 1820.

The earliest form of Australian English was first spoken by the children of the colonists born into the colony of New South Wales.

According to linguist Bruce Moore, " the major input of the various sounds that went into constructing the Australian accent was from south-east England.

In the United Kingdom, His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act was, with the consent of the Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and South African governments, passed through parliament and the Crown thus passed to the next-in-line descendant of Sophia: Edward's brother, Prince Albert, Duke of York.

This contains many provisions similar to those of the Australian Franchising Code of Practice legislation, although it should be noted that only around a third of all franchises are members of the association and therefore bound by the code.

* Richard Morgan ( actor ), most noted for playing the long-running role of Terry Sullivan in the Australian television series The Sullivans.

Historian Patrick O ' Farrell noted in The Irish in Australia ( 1987 ) that the term " Australia first " became " what amounted to the Australian Irish Catholic slogan ".

Sydney in particular is noted for its harbourside seafood restaurants, including the Doyles chain in Sydney, notably Doyles on the Beach at Watson's Bay ; and Tetsuya's Restaurant owned by chef Tetsuya Wakuda which bases its menu on Australian, Japanese and classic French cuisine, and makes use of Australian ingredients including Tasmanian Ocean Trout.

Notable Australian exponents of the folk revival movement included both European immigrants such as Eric Bogle, noted for his sad lament to the battle of Gallipoli " And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda ", and indigenous Australians like Archie Roach and Paul Kelly.

: Throughout this article, the unqualified term " dollar " and the $ symbol refer to the Australian dollar unless as noted.

* Troughman an Australian noted in the Sydney media for lying down in urinal troughs at Sydney Mardi Gras parties and other events.

For instance, it has been noted, especially by the Australian linguist Donald Laycock, that the texts in the Loagaeth material show phonetic features that do not generally appear in natural languages.

The Sydney Theatre Company shows a regular roster of Australian ( by authors such as noted playwright David Williamson ), classic, and international plays.

The significance of Fischer's discovery, as the Australian historian John Moses has noted, is that the goal of winning Lebensraum was already in German thinking long before 1933 and thus cannot be seen, as some German historians have argued, as solely Adolf Hitler's personal brain-child.

It should be noted that the concept of a finals series / playoff is standard in Australian sport.

In 1926 a British anthropologist specialising in Australian Aboriginal ethnology and ethnography, Professor Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, noted many Aboriginal groups widely distributed across the Australian continent all appeared to share variations of a single ( common ) myth telling of an unusually powerful, often creative, often dangerous snake or serpent of sometimes enormous size closely associated with the rainbows, rain, rivers, and deep waterholes.

Working in the field in various places on the Australian continent, he noted the key character of this myth ( the ' Rainbow Serpent ') is variously named:

Charles Bean, the official Australian war historian, noted that Monash was more effective the higher he rose within the Army, where he had greater capacity to use his skill for meticulous planning and organisation, and to innovate in the area of technology and tactics.

The Pro Hart Gallery and Sculpture Park contains a large collection of the noted Australian artist Kevin ' Pro ' Hart's paintings and sculptures, as well as many artistic works of others that Hart collected during his lifetime.

Historically, Australian pubs have also been noted for often distinctive designs.

As a batsman he was noted for his classical technique and sweet timing of the ball, the Australian reporter Johnny Moyes writing

Her work is noted for a keen focus on the Australian environment, which began to gain prominence in Australian art in the years following World War II.

Australian Rieslings are noted for their oily texture and citrus fruit flavors in their youth and a smooth balance of freshness and acid as they age.

Fiona Stanley, AC ( born 1 August 1946 ) is an Australian epidemiologist noted for her public health work, and her research into child and maternal health, and birth disorders such as cerebral palsy.