She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as " the Greek rites of Ceres ".

The complex and multi-layered origins of the Aventine Triad and Ceres herself allowed multiple interpretations of their relationships ; Cicero asserts Ceres as mother to both Liber and Libera, consistent with her role as a mothering deity.

Postumius ' vow was fulfilled in 493 BC: Ceres became the central deity of the new Triad, housed in a new-built Aventine temple.

He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad.

According to Livy, the dictator A. Postumius vowed games ( ludi ) and a joint public temple to a Triad of Ceres, Liber and Libera on Rome's Aventine Hill, c. 496 BC.

The formal, official development of the Aventine Triad may have encouraged the assimilation of its individual deities to Greek equivalents: Ceres to Demeter, Liber to Dionysus and Libera to Persephone or Kore.

The Aventine Triad was apparently installed at the behest of the Sibylline Books but Liber's position within it seems equivocal from the outset.

At some time around 493 BC, soon after the expulsion of Rome's last King and the establishment of the Roman Republic, the Roman senate provided a temple for the so-called Aventine Triad of Ceres, Liber and Libera, patron deities of the Roman commoners or plebs ; the dedication followed one of the first in a long series of threatened or actual plebeian secessions.

The establishment of Ceres ' Aventine cult has itself been interpreted as an extraordinary expiation after the failure of crops and consequent famine.

An earlier variant, found in Ennius and some later sources, has Romulus perform his augury on one of the Aventine hills.

In the Star Trek: Destiny trilogy Dax has become captain of the Vesta class ship USS Aventine.

During his reign, he proceeded with several building projects in Rome, " including the Thermae Deciane or Baths of Decius on the Aventine ", which was completed in 252 and survived through to the 16th century ; Decius also acted to repair the Colosseum, which had been damaged by lightning strikes.

Control of her Aventine cult seems to have been contested at various times during the Mid Republican era ; a dedication or rededication of the temple in 123 BC by the Vestal Virgin Licinia, with the gift of an altar, shrine and couch, was immediately annulled as unlawful by the Roman Senate ; Licinia herself was later charged with inchastity, and executed.

His wife Livia was a distant relative of the long-dead but still notorious Clodius ; but also related to the unfortunate Vestal Licinia, whose attempted dedication of Bona Dea's Aventine Temple had been thwarted by the Senate.

It is generally thought to have been located on the Palatine Hill, but, being a victory monument, it may have been located on the route of the triumphal procession, either on the Campus Martius or the Aventine Hill.

The remains known as the Servian Wall used stone quarried at Veii, which was not conquered by Rome until c. 393 BC, so the Aventine might have been part-walled, or an extramural suburb.

At Rome this epithet may have been applied to a Juno other than that of the temple on the Aventine built to lodge the evocated Veian Juno as the rex sacrorum and his wife-queen were to offer a monthly sacrifice to Juno in the Regia.

Several places have been named after General Totten, including: the Civil War Fort Totten built to defend the federal capital — while this fort no longer exists, the surrounding neighborhood, a high-rise development ( Aventine Fort Totten ), and a Metro station still bear the name — as well as a fort in New York City and Fort Totten, North Dakota.

The city expands its boundaries to accommodate them ; five of the seven hills of Rome are settled: the Capitoline Hill, the Aventine Hill, the Caelian Hill, the Quirinal Hill, and the Palatine Hill.

The pomerium was not a walled area ( unlike the Chinese Forbidden City ), but rather a legally and religiously defined one marked by cippi: It encompassed neither the entire metropolitan area nor even all the proverbial Seven Hills ( the Palatine Hill was within the pomerium, but the Capitoline and Aventine Hills were not ).

It was located on a level piece of land near the Tiber between the Capitoline, the Palatine and Aventine hills.

The two gods ( with a charm ) evoked Jupiter, who was forced to come down to earth at the Aventine ( hence named Iuppiter Elicius, according to Ovid ).

Numa is said to have founded Roman religion after dedicating an altar on the Aventine Hill to Jupiter Elicius and consulting the gods by means of augury.

* 1 ( Kalends ): ceremonies for Jupiter Tonans (" the Thunderer ") on the Capitolium, and Juno Regina on the Aventine

As the rites of the Salii mimic the passage from peace to war and back to peace by moving between the two poles of Mars and Quirinus in the monthly cycle of March, so they do in the ceremonies of October, the Equus October (" October Horse ") taking place on the Campus Martius the Armilustrium, purification of the arms, on the Aventine, and the Tubilustrium on the 23rd.

He waged war successfully against the Latins, and a number of them were settled on the Aventine Hill.

Its residents were removed to settle on the Aventine Hill in Rome as new citizens, following the Roman traditions from wars with the Sabines and Albans.

Diana was worshipped at a festival on August 13, when King Servius Tullius, himself born a slave, dedicated her temple on the Aventine Hill in the mid-6th century BC.

Being placed on the Aventine, and thus outside the pomerium, meant that Diana's cult essentially remained a foreign one, like that of Bacchus ; she was never officially transferred to Rome as Juno was after the sack of Veii.

She had a shrine in Rome on the Aventine hill, according to tradition dedicated by king Servius Tullius.

Pliny the Elder gives vivid examples of the popularity of gladiator portraiture in Antium and an artistic treat laid on by an adoptive aristocrat for the solidly plebeian citizens of the Roman Aventine:

In 207 BC, a guild of poets and actors was formed to meet and make votive offerings at the temple of Minerva on the Aventine hill.

During the first few months of his pontificate he lived in the Vatican, but in the autumn of 1285 he removed to the magnificent palace he had just erected on the Aventine.

The name of Sixtus is often connected with a great building boom in Rome: Santa Sabina on the Aventine Hill was dedicated during his pontificate and he built Santa Maria Maggiore, whose dedication to Mary the Mother of God reflected his acceptance of the Ecumenical council of Ephesus which closed in 431.

They secured the consecration of Eugene, who was the archpriest of St Sabina on the Aventine, although by a decree of the Roman Council of 769, under Stephen IV, they had no right to a real share in a papal election.

He also oversaw the construction of the temple to Diana on the Aventine Hill.

* The temple to Vertumnus is built on the Aventine Hill in Rome.

As a youth he was sent to study in Rome, where, according to some unconfirmed sources, his uncle was abbot of a monastery on the Aventine Hill.

Since it stood between the plebeian stronghold on the Aventine and the patrician center on the Palatine, it also emphasized the role of Mercury as a mediator.

His shade was consulted as a god of prophecy under the name of Fatuus, with oracles in the sacred grove of Tibur, around the well Albunea, and on the Aventine Hill in ancient Rome itself.

The god also had a temple in this name on the Aventine in Rome, which was restored by Augustus and dedicated on September 1.

The Roman Forum had become a battleground, and the confusion prevented Lucius from travelling to the Aventine Hill to ordain the abbot of San Saba on 20 January 1145.

The festivals occurred in the grove of Simila near the Aventine Hill on March 16 and March 17.

* A temple is built on the Circus Maximus, between the Aventine and Palatine hills, in Rome, in honour of the god Mercury.

Romulus wanted to found a city on the Palatine Hill ; Remus preferred the Aventine Hill.

In 496 BC, against a background of economic recession and famine in Rome, imminent war against the Latins and a threatened secession by Rome's plebs ( citizen commoners ), the dictator A. Postumius vowed a temple to Ceres, Liber and Libera on or near the Aventine Hill.