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The BGP Extended Community Attribute was added in 2006 in order to extend the range of such attributes and to provide a community attribute structuring by means of a type field.
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BGP and Extended
The IANA administers the registry for BGP Extended Communities Types.
The Extended Communities Attribute itself is a transitive optional BGP attribute.
A number of BGP QoS drafts also use this Extended Community Attribute structure for inter-domain QoS signalling.
BGP and Attribute
** RFC 1997 ( BGP Communities Attribute )
BGP and was
BGP was created to replace the Exterior Gateway Protocol ( EGP ) to allow fully decentralized routing in order to transition from the core ARPAnet model to a decentralized system that included the NSFNET backbone and its associated regional networks.
Until recently, it was a common mistake to say BGP carries policies.
If the route was learned from an external peer the per-neighbor BGP process computes a LOCAL_PREFERENCE value from local policy rules and then compares the LOCAL_PREFERENCE of all routes from the neighbor.
Borders Group, Inc. ( former NYSE ticker symbol BGP ) was an international book and music retailer based in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
The first DNSBL was the Real-time Blackhole List ( RBL ), created in 1997, at first as a BGP feed by Paul Vixie, and then as a DNSBL by Eric Ziegast as part of Vixie's Mail Abuse Prevention System ( MAPS ); Dave Rand at Abovenet was its first subscriber.
The very first version of the RBL was not published as a DNSBL, but rather a list of networks transmitted via BGP to routers owned by subscribers so that network operators could drop all TCP / IP traffic for machines used to send spam or host spam supporting services, such as a website.
The Bayerische Grenzpolizei ( BGP ) was a border police force raised by the Bavarian government to carry out policing duties along the inner German border's in Bavaria.
Legendary concert promoter Bill Graham was killed in a 1991 helicopter crash after leaving a concert at the Pavilion by Huey Lewis and the News that had been organized as a benefit for the victims of that year's fire in the Oakland Hills ; Graham's production company, Bill Graham Presents ( BGP ), had been the booking agent for the Concord Pavilion since at least 1985.
BGP was purchased in 2000, along with its parent, SFX Promotions, by Clear Channel Communications ; in 2005, Clear Channel would spin off its concert operations into Live Nation, which operates the Pavilion to this day.
Also, in February 2008, a large portion of YouTube's address space was redirected to Pakistan when the PTA decided to block access to the site from inside the country, but accidentally blackholed the route in the global BGP table.
BGP and order
In order to make decisions in its operations with peers, a BGP peer uses a simple finite state machine ( FSM ) that consists of six states: Idle ; Connect ; Active ; OpenSent ; OpenConfirm ; and Established.
The BGP protocol defines the messages that each peer should exchange in order to change the session from one state to another.
* BGP, the core routing protocol on the Internet, has to maintain a routing table in order to remember the paths a packet can be deviated to.
In order to be multihomed to the Internet through the use of BGP, a network must have its own public IP address range and a public AS number.
In BGP the routing table maintains the autonomous systems that are traversed in order to reach the destination system.
BGP and range
On the Internet, anycast is usually implemented by using BGP to simultaneously announce the same destination IP address range from many different places on the Internet.
The penalty for allowing errant information to be advertised can range from simple filtering by other / larger ISPs to a complete shutdown of the BGP session by the neighboring ISP ( causing the two ISPs to cease peering ), and repeated problems often end in permanent termination of all peering agreements.
BGP and such
Increasingly, BGP is used as a generalized signaling protocol to carry information about routes that may not be part of the global Internet, such as VPNs.
The additional information tells the BGP process such things as whether individual entries belong in the Adj-RIBs for specific neighbors, whether the per-neighbor route selection process made received policies eligible for the Loc-RIB, and whether Loc-RIB entries are eligible to be submitted to the local router's routing table management process.
This is in contrast to other routing protocols, such as the Routing Information Protocol ( RIP ), or the Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP ).
New toolsets are emerging such as Cyclops and NetViews that take advantage of a new experimental BGP collector BGPMon.
The Virtual Router architecture, as opposed to BGP / MPLS techniques, requires no modification to existing routing protocols such as BGP.
Routing functions such as OSPF or BGP run at the process level.
When one of these paths repeatedly changes its state from available to not available ( and vice-versa ), the BGP router controlling that path has to repeatedly add and remove the path record from its routing table ( flaps the path ), thus spending local resources such as CPU and RAM and, even more, broadcasting useless information to peer routers.
Also, some autonomous systems or websites providing information about autonomous systems or BGP, such as bgp4. as, have registered domain names.
Zebra is a routing software package that provides TCP / IP based routing services with routing protocols support such as RIP, OSPF and BGP.
In MPLS networking, a label-switched path ( LSP ) is a path through an MPLS network, set up by a signaling protocol such as LDP, RSVP-TE, BGP or CR-LDP.
BGP and provide
An extension to BGP is the use of Multipathing-this typically requires identical MED, weight, origin and AS-path although some implementations provide the ability to relax the AS-path checking to only expect an equal path length rather than the actual AS numbers in the path being expected to match too.
This technique relies on various BGP collectors who collect routing updates and tables and provide this information publicly.
BGP and community
Local nodes are often announced with the no-export BGP community to prevent hosts from announcing them to their peers, i. e. the announcement is kept in the local area.
BGP and attribute
For example the COMMUNITY attribute ( see below ) is not directly used by the BGP selection process.
The BGP neighbor process however can have a rule to set LOCAL_PREFERENCE or another factor based on a manually programmed rule to set the attribute if the COMMUNITY value matches some pattern matching criterion.
BGP communities are attribute tags that can be applied to incoming or outgoing prefixes to achieve some common goal ( RFC 1997 ).
Each BGP entry contains a Path Vector attribute called the AS Path.
BGP and by
As of late 2010, The Beano is printed by BGP and the comic is now in an A4 format.
* Voice Peering Fabric is a peer-to-peer interconnect system for routing VoIP traffic between organizations by utilizing BGP and ENUM technology.
BGP neighbors, called peers, are established by manual configuration between routers to create a TCP session on port 179.
Conceptual, in the preceding paragraph, means that the physical storage and structure of these various tables are decided by the implementer of the BGP code.
The BGP standard specifies a number of decision factors, more than are used by any other common routing process, for selecting NLRI ( Network Layer Reach-ability Information ) to go into the Loc-RIB ( Routing Information Base ).
If a given route is withdrawn by a neighbor, and there is no other route to that destination, the route is removed from the Loc-RIB, and no longer sent, by BGP, to the main routing table manager.
While LOCAL_PREFERENCE is the first rule in the standard, once reach-ability of the NEXT_HOP is verified, Cisco and several other vendors first consider a decision factor called WEIGHT which is local to the router ( i. e. not transmitted by BGP ).
While it is common to say that BGP allows an administrator to set policies on how prefixes are handled by ISPs, this is generally not possible, strictly speaking.
Peering requires physical interconnection of the networks, an exchange of routing information through the Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP ) routing protocol and is often accompanied by peering agreements of varying formality, from " handshake " to thick contracts.
In the method defined by RFC 2547, BGP extensions advertise routes in the IPv4 VPN address family, which are of the form of 12-byte strings, beginning with an 8-byte Route Distinguisher ( RD ) and ending with a 4-byte IPv4 address.
Bogons can be filtered by using router ACLs, or by BGP blackholing.
Internet traffic exchange between two participants on an IXP is facilitated by Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP ) routing configurations between them.
The routing protocol used by the network is BGP.
The routing over these connections is normally controlled by a BGP enabled router.
Normally the Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP ) used by the provider's routers only looks at the four-octet IP address, but the BGP Multiprotocol Extensions allow BGP to view the entire 12-octet VPN-IPv4 address, and carry routes from multiple " address families ".
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