He was instrumental in changing the name of the BUF to " British Union of Fascists and National Socialists " in 1936, and stood as a party candidate in the 1937 elections to the London County Council.

Joyce was sacked from his paid position when Mosley drastically reduced the BUF staff shortly after the 1937 elections ; upon which, Joyce promptly formed a breakaway organisation, the National Socialist League.

Diana was also a lifelong supporter of the British Union of Fascists ( BUF ), and its postwar successor the Union Movement, to which she made financial contributions until the 1994 death of its organiser Jeffrey Hamm.

He spent the summer that year writing a fascist programme, The Greater Britain, and this formed the basis of policy of the BUF, which was launched in October 1932.

The BUF claimed 50, 000 members at one point and the Daily Mail was an early supporter, running the headline " Hurrah for the Blackshirts!

" Despite the name, the BUF was predominantly an English movement, with its main areas of support located in London and the south-east.

Despite strong resistance from anti-fascists, including the local Jewish community, the Labour Party, the Independent Labour Party and the Communist Party of Great Britain, the BUF found a following in the East End of London, where in the London County Council elections of March 1937 it obtained reasonably successful results in Bethnal Green, Shoreditch and Limehouse, polling almost 8, 000 votes, although none of its candidates was actually elected.

In May 1940, the BUF was banned outright by the government, and Mosley, along with 740 other fascists, was interned for much of World War II.

The BUF was anti-communist and protectionist, and proposed replacing parliamentary democracy with executives elected to represent specific industries, trades or other professional interest groups – a system similar to the corporatism of the Italian fascists.

The report described how Elam's fascist philosophy grew from her suffragette experiences, how the British fascist movement became largely driven by women, how they targeted young women from an early age, how the first British fascist movement was founded by a woman, and how the leading lights of the Suffragettes had, with Oswald Mosley, founded the BUF.

The BUF was satirized as " The Black Shorts " ( shorts being worn as all the best shirt colours were already taken ) and their leader was Roderick Spode, owner of a ladies ' underwear shop.

* The Pogues song " The Sick Bed of Cuchulainn ," from their 1985 album Rum, Sodomy, and the Lash, references the BUF in its second verse with the line " And you decked some fucking blackshirt who was cursing all the Yids.

He was arrested there in 1940 for his BUF membership ( under Defence Regulation 18B ) and later transferred to a camp in South Africa.

In the 1990s, a morphing-based variation on time-slicing was employed by director Michel Gondry and the visual effects company BUF Compagnie in the music video for The Rolling Stones ' " Like A Rolling Stone ", and in a 1996 Smirnoff commercial the effect was used to depict slow-motion bullets being dodged.

Similar time-slice effects were also featured in commercials for The Gap ( which was directed by M. Rolston and again produced by BUF ), and in feature films such as Lost in Space ( 1998 ) and Buffalo ' 66 ( 1998 ).

After returning to Britain he was appointed editor of the Blackshirt, the official BUF newspaper.

One of the founders of the Soil Association was Jorian Jenks, a former member of the British Union of Fascists ( BUF ), closely associated with Oswald Mosley.

During the late 40s the Association involved far-right and even antisemitic elements, remnants of the defunct BUF, and was driven by far-right political ideas as much as ecological concerns.

The flash and circle was used by both the UM and the pre-war BUF.

The Club was under the effective control of Robert Forgan, working on behalf of the BUF.

After the departure of Joyce, the BUF turned its focus away from anti-Semitism and towards activism, opposing a war with Nazi Germany.

Rather, 43 Group sought to prevent the BUF mobilising and gathering support, remembering that the Nazi party had gained prominence in a similar fashion as the Brownshirts on the streets of post-WWI Germany.

Following the outbreak of war Thomson devised a plan to attack the Nordic League as ' Nazi traitors ' in the hope of establishing the BUF's patriotic credentials, although it came to nothing and actually ran alongside attempts by Francis Hawkins to establish BUF control over the League.

He wound up the New Party in April, but preserved its youth movement, which would form the core of the BUF, intact.

Mosley, known to his followers as The Leader, modelled his leadership style on Benito Mussolini and the BUF on Mussolini's National Fascist Party in Italy, including an imitation of the Italian Fascists ' black uniforms for members, earning them the nickname " Blackshirts ".

As a consequence Francis Hawkins broke away and took much of the male membership of the group with him with the New Party becoming the British Union of Fascists ( BUF ) soon afterwards.

However, when Huxley wrote Point Counter Point Mosley was still a prominent member of the Labour Party, and would remain so until 1931 ; the BUF was not founded until 1932.

As a result of these links the BUF was able to absorb the National Socialist Workers Party, a small group led by NL member Lieutenant-Colonel Graham Seton-Hutchison.

* Harry Turtledove's alternate history novel, In the Presence of Mine Enemies, is set in 2010 in a world where the Nazis were triumphant, the BUF governs Britainand the first stirrings of the reform movement come from there.

The BUF and Mosley also appear as background influences in Turtledove's Colonization trilogy which follows the Worldwar tetralogy and is set in the 1960s.

He left Labour in 1933 to join the BUF and set about organising the local branch in Derby.

Whilst in this position he produced his seminal work The Coming Corporate State ( 1938 ), in which he set out the vision of a BUF government in Britain.

He also led the Union of British Freemen, a group he set up with fellow ex-BUF member Victor Burgess in 1944 as an attempt to bring together former BUF members.

In 1932, Joyce joined the British Union of Fascists ( BUF ) under Sir Oswald Mosley, and swiftly became a leading speaker, praised for his power of oratory.

His violent rhetoric and willingness to physically confront anti-fascist elements head-on played no small part in further marginalizing the BUF.

Between April 1934 and 1937, when Mosley sacked him, Joyce also served as Area Administrative Officer for the BUF West Sussex division.

The BUF marchers were dispersed towards Hyde Park instead while the anti-fascists rioted with police.

The 2010 revival of BBC drama Upstairs, Downstairs included several scenes of the Battle of Cable Street, although the drama wrongly suggested that Protesters and BUF actually clashed, verbally if not physically.

However, the BUF never stood in a General Election.

At the Olympia rally in London, in 1934, BUF stewards violently ejected anti-fascist disrupters, with one protester claiming to have lost an eye, and this led the Daily Mail to withdraw its support for the movement.

The level of violence shown at the rally shocked many, with the effect of turning neutral parties against the BUF and contributing to anti-fascist support.

BUF membership started to slowly increase again by the late 1930s due to publicity caused by actions such as the support for Edward VIII during the abdication crisis and the peace campaign of 1937.

This act hindered BUF activity, although in the years building up to the war they enjoyed brief success on the back of their " Peace Campaign " to prevent conflict with Germany.

Though the BUF had its own flag it recognized the Union Flag as Britain's national flag and the Union Flag appeared in various BUF events, posters, and propaganda.

Many BUF policies were built on isolationism, prohibiting trade outside an insulated British Empire.

Another leading suffragette, Mary Richardson, became head of the women's section of the BUF.