As the Ottoman Empire further fragmented during the Balkan Wars, much of the non-Christian populations of its former possessions, mainly the Balkan Muslims, flocked to Anatolia and were resettled in various locations, mostly in formerly Christian villages throughout Anatolia.

In the aftermath of the Balkan Wars, Bulgarian opinion turned against Russia and the western powers, whom the Bulgarians felt had done nothing to help them.

They engaged in a bitter power struggle over several issues, such as who would control territories Serbia annexed in the Balkan Wars.

Reportedly, they were involved in various crimes in Macedonia, during the Balkan Wars:

Muslims in Bosnia praying on a hillside during the Balkan Wars.

* Project Gutenberg's The Balkan Wars: 1912 – 1913, by Jacob Gould Schurman

* US Library of Congress in the Balkan Wars

* Military uniforms and insignia of the Balkan Wars

* Balkan Wars: An Overview

* Balkan Wars from a Turkish perspective

simple: Balkan Wars

Because of the Balkan Wars, the Second International held an extraordinary congress at Basel in 1912.

* 1913 – Ioannina is incorporated into the Greek state after the Balkan Wars.

Map of the Kingdom of Greece, the Cretan State and the Principality of Samos in 1903, before the Balkan Wars.

In addition, as the Commander-in-chief of the Greek Army during the Balkan Wars, his popularity was enormous, rivalled only by that of Venizelos, his Prime Minister.

Constantine was now ruling only in what was Greece before the Balkan Wars (" Old Greece "), and his government was subject to repeated humiliations from the Allies.

In September 1912, Kievskaya Mysl sent him to the Balkans as its war correspondent, where he covered the two Balkan Wars for the next year and became a close friend of Christian Rakovsky, later a leading Soviet politician and Trotsky's ally in the Soviet Communist Party.

Report of the Carnegie Commission on the causes and conduct of the Balkan Wars from 1913.

This further angered both Greece and Bulgaria, because of the possible territorial claims of the new states to the Greek and Bulgarian parts of the region of Macedonia received after the Balkan Wars.

* The film Ulysses ' Gaze ( 1995 ) directed by Theo Angelopoulos has many of the elements of the Odyssey set against the backdrop of the most recent and previous Balkan Wars.

In 1912 the city was conquered by the Kingdom of Serbia during the Balkan Wars and after the First World War the city became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ( Kingdom of Yugoslavia ).

* First Balkan Wars ( 1912 – 1913 ) – two wars that took place in South-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913.

there are beauties from the Balkan states who are similarly endowed, and -- back in the blessed United States -- they were regarded simply as pretty women.

The Balkan League relied on 700, 000 troops, 370, 000 of which were Bulgarians.

In the mid 3rd century, the Bastarnae were part of a Gothic-led grand coalition of lower Danube tribes which inflicted immense damage on the Balkan provinces of the Roman empire in a series of massive invasions.

Hopes were raised among the Balkan ethnicities of reforms and autonomy, and elections were held to form a representative, multi-ethnic, Ottoman parliament.

When the Greek army entered Thessaloniki in the First Balkan War ahead of the Bulgarian 7th division by only a day, they were asked to allow a Bulgarian battalion to enter the city.

The Serbs and the Greeks had a military advantage on the eve of the war because their armies confronted comparatively weak Ottoman forces in the First Balkan War and suffered relatively light casualties while the Bulgarians were involved in heavy fighting in Thrace.

Russian demographer Boris Urlanis estimated in Voini I Narodo-Nacelenie Europi ( 1960 ) that in the first and second Balkan wars there were 122, 000 killed in action, 20, 000 dead of wounds, and 82, 000 dead of disease.

During the 1st millennium BC, they were spoken across Europe, in the Iberian Peninsula, from the Atlantic and North Sea coastlines, up the Rhine valley and down the Danube valley to the Black Sea, the Upper Balkan Peninsula, and in Galatia in Asia Minor.

In 1912, many Serbs were being mobilized for the First Balkan War.

The last vestiges of serfdom were abolished in Russia in 1861 and Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire.

The Albanians, because of the higher degree of Islamic influence, their internal social divisions, and the fear that they would lose their Albanian-populated lands to the emerging Balkan states — Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece — were the last of the Balkan peoples to desire division from the Ottoman Empire.

The initial sparks of the first Balkan War in 1912 were ignited by the Albanian uprising between 1908 and 1910 which were directed at opposing the Young Turk policies of consolidation of the Ottoman Empire.

Some 1, 200 Jewish residents and refugees from other Balkan countries were hidden by Albanian families during World War II, according to official records.

The Balkan Air Force was formed in June 1944 to control operations that were mainly aimed at aiding his forces.

Romanian territory during the 20th century: purple indicates the Old Kingdom before 1913, orange indicates Greater Romania areas that joined or were annexed after the Second Balkan War and World War I | WWI but were lost after World War II | WWII, and pink indicates areas that joined Romania after WWI and remained so after WWII.

The Balkan provinces however were left denuded of troops and were devastated by invasions of Slavs and Bulgars ; to protect Constantinople and its vicinity against them the emperor built the Anastasian Wall, extending from the Propontis to the Euxine.

The two protagonists of the fateful decade 1912 – 1922: King Constantine I of Greece | Constantine I and PM Eleftherios Venizelos in the days of their close cooperation during the Second Balkan War, before the deep political and personal rift between the two materialized and led to the National Schism.

* 1913 – First Balkan War: The Greek army engages the Turks at Bizani, resulting in victory two days later.

Croatia faced hosts Slovenia in the semi-final, and the clash of the two Balkan neighbours saw heightened security measures.

* domestic: offsetting the shortage of fixed line capacity, mobile phone service has been available since 1996 ; by 2003 two companies were providing mobile services at a greater density than some of Albania's Balkan neighbors

During the last two decades of the 18th and first decades of the 19th centuries the Balkan Peninsula dissolved into virtual anarchy.

The two Balkan wars had greatly destabilised Bulgaria, stopping its steady economic progress and costing 58, 000 dead and over 100, 000 wounded.

These conflicts included a customs dispute with Austria-Hungary beginning in 1906 ( commonly referred to as the " Pig War "), the Bosnian crisis of 1908 – 1909 in which Serbia assumed an attitude of protest over Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina ( ending in Serbian acquiescence without compensation in March 1909 ), and finally the two Balkan Wars of 1912 – 1913 in which Serbia conquered Macedonia and Kosovo from the Ottoman Empire.

Even though Serbia at the beginning was part of a united alliance of Balkan powers against the Ottomans the initial victory led to squabbles about the division of the spoils and in the second of the two wars it was Bulgaria who was Serbia's main enemy.

After the Second Balkan War, Romania was awarded the southern part of Dobrudja, between Danube, Beli Lom River, Kamchiya River and Black Sea, which was divided into two counties:

Beach made several return trips to Europe, lived for two years in Spain, and worked for the Balkan Commission of the Red Cross.

This has practically positioned Inđija on the crossroads of two key Balkan railroad directions.

Extremists connected to the Serbian government ignited the July crisis of 1914, and ( having issued two ultimatums to Serbia during the Balkan Wars, with reluctant Russian acquiescence ) hoped to repeat this successfully a third time.

Tactical necessities during and after the First Balkan War modified this original structure: a new 10th division was formed using two brigades from the 1st and 6th divisions, and an additional three independent brigades were formed from new recruits.

The final 1878 Treaty of Berlin allowed the other Great Powers to limit the size of the new Russian client state and even briefly divided this rump state in two, Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, but the irredentist claims from the first treaty would direct Bulgarian claims through the first and second Balkan Wars and both World Wars.

Chetniks, or the Chetnik movement (, ; ), were a Serb nationalist and monarchist paramilitary organizations from the first half of the 20th century, formed as a resistance against the Ottoman Empire in 1904, and participating in the two Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II.

Iorga's interest in the Balkan crisis was illustrated by two of the forty books he put out that year: Istoria statelor balcanice (" The History of Balkan States ") and Notele unui istoric cu privire la evenimentele din Balcani (" A Historian's Notes on the Balkan Events ").

It can be divided into two parts: the main Balkan Chain and the Pre-Balkans to the north, which intrude slightly into the Danubian Plain.

The interim " admigration theory " suggests that two centers of the formation of the Romanian people used ot exist in Southeastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages: one in the former Roman province of Dacia to the north of the Danube, and a second in the central regions of the Balkan Peninsula to the south of the river.