He reformed Austria's armies to adopt the nation at arms principle ; in 1809, he went into the War of the Fifth Coalition with confidence and inflicted Napoleon's first major setback at Aspern-Essling, before suffering a defeat at the bloody Battle of Wagram.

Its initial successes were neutralized by the reverses of Abensberg, Landshut and Eckmuhl but, after the evacuation of Vienna, the archduke won a strong victory at the Battle of Aspern-Essling but soon afterwards lost decisively at the Battle of Wagram.

* 1809 – The Battle of Wagram, the largest of the Napoleonic Wars.

* 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Wagram sees a French victory over the Austrian army in the largest battle yet of the Napoleonic Wars.

* July 5 – July 6 – Battle of Wagram: Napoleon defeats the Austrians.

In the war against Austria, Bernadotte led the Saxon contingent at the Battle of Wagram ( 6 July 1809 ), on which occasion, on his own initiative, he issued an Order of the Day attributing the victory principally to the valour of his Saxons, which order Napoleon at once disavowed.

He had replaced Cobenzl with Johan Philip Charles Stadion ( 1805-1809 ) the previous year, but his career was in turn cut short in 1809 following yet another Austrian defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Wagram and subsequent humiliation at the Treaty of Schönbrunn.

After the Battle of Aspern-Essling, Napoleon recalled the Army of Italy and after joining the main army, on the island of Lobau in the Danube, Eugène took part in the Battle of Wagram.

The expedition was a disaster – the Austrians had already been defeated at the Battle of Wagram and were suing for peace, the French fleet had moved to Antwerp, and the British lost over 4, 000 men to a disease called " Walcheren Fever ", thought to be a combination of malaria and typhus.

After Archduke Charles ' Austrian army was defeated by Napoleon at the Battle of Wagram, the Armistice of Znaim was signed.

Furthermore, Napoleon's mount throughout the battle was named Marengo and further carried the Emperor in the Battle of Austerlitz, Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Battle of Wagram, and Battle of Waterloo.

The Battle of Wagram began after Napoleon swiftly took the bulk of these forces across the Danube during the night of 4 / 5 July and attacked the 145, 000-men strong Austrian army.

French cuirassiers cheering while charging past Napoleon at the Battle of Wagram.

A modern photo of the tower at Markgrafneusiedl, which was the scene of heavy fighting during the second day of the Battle of Wagram.

Napoleon had won the great Battle of Wagram.

The Austrian army had suffered greatly during the Battle of Wagram and had to leave behind their wounded, but did make off with thousands of French prisoners, a couple of dozens of guns and a few eagles.

The Austrian commander ’ s view well before the Battle of Wagram had been that Austria ’ s best option was to make peace and, in order to achieve that, the Empire needed to have a large, combat-able army, which they could use as leverage during the peace talks.

This figure thus accounts not only for the Battle of Wagram, but also for the losses registered during the numerous minor engagements and skirmishes that occurred after the battle, as well as the losses suffered during the Battle of Znaim.

With the great Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, and the defeat of the Copperheads in the Ohio election in the fall, Lincoln maintained a strong base of party support and was in a strong position to redefine the war effort, despite the New York City draft riots.

At the start of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, Doubleday's division was the second infantry division on the field to reinforce the cavalry division of Brig.

His campaigns were successful and, on 25 July 1139, he obtained an overwhelming victory in the Battle of Ourique, and straight after was unanimously proclaimed King of the Portuguese by his soldiers, establishing his equality in rank to the other realms of the Peninsula.

* Battle of Gettysburg was fought July 1 – 3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

War was, however, forced on him and less than a year after his accession the complete defeat of the Turks at Battle of Kozluja led to the humiliating Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca on July 21, 1774.

In the fateful Battle of Ankara, on 20 July 1402, Bayezid was captured by Timur and the Ottoman army was overpowered.

However in July 1797 he had lost an arm at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and had been forced to return to Britain to recuperate.

The Battle of Gettysburg (, with an sound ), was fought July 1 – 3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

The Battle of Abritus, also known as the Battle of Forum Terebronii, occurred in the Roman province of Moesia Inferior ( modern Razgrad, Bulgaria ) probably in July, 251, between the Roman Empire and a federation of Scythian tribesmen under the Goth king Cniva.

* First Battle of El Alamein – 1 – 27 July 1942

The Battle of Bouvines, which took place on 27 July 1214, was a medieval battle ending the twelve year old Angevin-Flanders War that was fundamental in the early development of France in the Middle Ages by confirming the French crown's sovereignty over the Angevin lands of Brittany and Normandy.

Other events fell on the same day coincidentally, such as the first day of the Battle of the Somme in 1916 — shortly after which Newfoundland recognized July 1 as Memorial Day to commemorate the Newfoundland Regiment's heavy losses during the battle — and the enactment of the Chinese Immigration Act in 1923 — leading Chinese-Canadians to refer to July 1 as Humiliation Day and boycott Dominion Day celebrations until the act was repealed in 1947.

The army, led by Alonso de Alvarado, was defeated during the Battle of Abancay on July 12, 1537.

When Otho was defeated by Vitellius at the First Battle of Bedriacum however, the armies in Judaea and Egypt took matters into their own hands and declared Vespasian emperor on 1 July 69.

Ayub Khan, who had been serving as governor of Herat, rose in revolt, defeated a British detachment at the Battle of Maiwand in July 1880 and besieged Kandahar.

After a series of brilliant manoeuvres the Imperial commander defeated Catinat at the Battle of Carpi on 9 July.

The Crown Prince, however, succeeded in effecting the retreat in good order, and in the decisive Battle of Königgratz ( 3 July 1866 ) he held the extreme left of the Austrian position.

The First Battle of El Alamein ( 1 – 27 July 1942 ) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought between Axis forces ( Germany and Italy ) of the Panzer Army Africa ( Panzerarmee Afrika ) commanded by Field Marshal ( Generalfeldmarschall ) Erwin Rommel, and Allied ( specifically, British Imperial ) forces ( Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand ) of the British Eighth Army commanded by General Claude Auchinleck.

The Western Desert Battle Area, July 1942

Since July 2007, following the 2006 Palestinian legislative election and the following Battle of Gaza, Hamas has functioned as the de-facto ruler in the Gaza Strip, forming an alternative Hamas Government in Gaza.

A British relief force was defeated in the naval Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779.

Union ( American Civil War ) | Union soldiers dead at Battle of Gettysburg | Gettysburg, photographed by Timothy H. O ' Sullivan, July 5 – 6, 1863Letter of David Wills ( Gettysburg ) | David Wills inviting Abraham Lincoln to make a few remarks, noting that Edward Everett would deliver the oration

Following the July 1 – 3, 1863, Battle of Gettysburg, reburial of Union soldiers from the Gettysburg Battlefield graves began on October 17.