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The Borgia family originally came from the Kingdom of Valencia, and rose to prominence during the mid-15th century ; Cesare's great-uncle Alonso Borgia ( 1378 – 1458 ), bishop of Valencia, was elected Pope Callixtus III in 1455.
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Borgia and family
Alexander VI staked the hopes of the Borgia family in Cesare's brother Giovanni, who was made captain general of the military forces of the papacy.
However, when his father died, and a rival to the Borgia family entered the Papal seat, Cesare was overthrown in a matter of months.
* Borgia, by Milo Manara ( artist ) & Alejandro Jodorowsky ( writer ), a comic in the form of serialized graphic novel, depicting the story of the Borgia family.
Before long, the Borgia family no longer needed the Sforzas, and the presence of Giovanni Sforza in the papal court was superfluous.
He was probably among the promoters of the failed plot against Cesare Borgia in 1502, being assassinated as retaliation, together with numerous members of the family.
* List of popes from the Borgia family
Machiavelli suggested they should treat the church as a princedom, like the Borgia family had, in order to conquer Italy, and found new modes and orders.
He points to factionalism as a historical weak point in the Church, and points to the recent example of the Borgia family as a better strategy which almost worked.
For instance, Pope Callixtus III, head of the Borgia family, made two of his nephews cardinals ; one of them, Rodrigo, later used his position as a cardinal as a stepping stone to the papacy, becoming Pope Alexander VI.
It was ruled by the Vitelli family, even after Cesare Borgia attached the city more directly to the Holy See.
As Pope, he struggled to acquire more personal and papal power and wealth, often ennobling and enriching the Borgia family directly.
The Borgian era, or the time period when the Borgia family had its greatest influence, started in the early 16th century, about the time of the death of Lucrezia in 1519.
The Borgia family had influence during the age of the Renaissance and the beginning of the Age of Discovery.
Thanks to Leonardo ’ s merits, he received a vineyard from the family, which he later had to abandon, because of the fall of the Borgia empire.
* List of popes from the Borgia family
* House of Borgia, Valencian-Italian noble family powerful during the Renaissance
Wilby ends up in a new wing, where he encounters former acquaintance Professor Plumcutt ( whose newspaper Wilby used to deliver ), who tells him all about mystical ancient beliefs, including the legend of the Borgia family, who used shape-shifting as a weapon against their enemies.
It relates extensive anecdotes regarding a pope from the formidable medieval Borgia family, Pope Alexander VI, focusing on his " wild " celebrations and extensive nepotism.
Cesare Borgia, acting as Gonfalonier of the Papal armies, had expelled the Bentivoglio family from Bologna, which they had ruled as a fief, and was well on his way towards establishing a permanent Borgia state in the region when Alexander died on 18 August 1503.
In 1889, after their mother began a relationship with a man named Emmanuel Borgia, the family moved with him to Paris.
While the Orsini family had ample motive to kill Giovanni, it was later rumored that his own brother Cesare Borgia had him murdered.
Borgia and originally
Borgia was originally buried in a marble tomb beneath the altar of the Church of Santa Maria in Viana with an inscription " Here lies in little earth one who was feared by all, who held peace and war in his hand.
The first chapel to the left, originally dedicated to the apostles, is now the Cappella di San Francesco Borgia, the former Spanish Duke of Gandia, who renounced his title to enter the Jesuit order, and become its third " Preposito generale ".
Borgia and came
Borgia came from Valencia Spain, where he served as Cardinal.
Caballé's international breakthrough came in 1965 when she substituted for an indisposed Marilyn Horne in a semi-staged performance of Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia at New York's Carnegie Hall, which earned her a 25-minute standing ovation.
Borgia and from
Despite being deprived of his French troops after the conquest of those two cities, Borgia returned to Rome to celebrate a triumph and to receive the title of Papal Gonfalonier from his father.
There is also a song from Horrible Histories ( The Borgia Family ) about him, his father and his siblings.
Following her divorce from Sforza, Lucrezia was married to the Neapolitan Alfonso of Aragon, the half-brother of Sancha of Aragon who was the wife of Lucrezia's brother Gioffre Borgia.
Lucrezia Borgia died in Ferrara on 24 June 1519 from complications after giving birth to her eighth child.
* 1500 – Cesare Borgia is given the title of Captain General and Gonfalonier by his father Rodrigo Borgia after returning from his conquests in the Romagna.
Moreover, from 1502 to 1503 he witnessed the brutal reality of the state-building methods of Cesare Borgia ( 1475 – 1507 ) and his father Pope Alexander VI, who were then engaged in the process of trying to bring a large part of central Italy under their possession.
Amid the disturbances consequent upon the death of the Borgia Pope Alexander VI ( 1492 – 1503 ), it took the combined pressures of all the ambassadors to induce Cesare Borgia to withdraw from Rome, so that an unpressured conclave might take place.
* January 17 – Cesare Borgia returns triumphantly to Rome from Romagna.
Depiction of Ehecatl-Quetzalcoatl ( Quetzalcoatl combined with the attributes of Ehecatl ), from the Codex Borgia
Xiuhtecuhtli in his role as one of the lords of the night, from the Codex Borgia.
" In the Codex Borgia, Nanahuatl is represented as a man emerging from a fire.
Depiction of Itzpapalotl, Queen of the Tzitzimimeh, from the Codex Borgia.
Most famous is the one he wrote against Pope Alexander VI after the murder of Giovanni Borgia, eldest son of the Pope, whose body was recovered from the Tiber River — Sannazaro cheekily described Alexander VI as a " fisher of men " ( playing on the Christ's words to Peter ).
Depiction of Itzpapalotl from the Codex Borgia.
Borgia has suggested that the bower functioned initially as a device that benefits females by protecting them from forced copulations and thus giving them enhanced opportunity to choose males and benefits males by enhancing female willingness to visit the bower.
On her return from Cuba in 1855, when she played Lucrezia Borgia in the opera, the New York Times called her " one of the few worth welcoming back again "; but critic Richard Grant White wrote that her voice had deteriorated into " a bewildered shriek ".
Detail from a large fresco located in the Borgia Apartments of the Vatican City | Vatican ( Rome, Italy ).
When he took the papacy, Borgia brought with him from Valencia his court chapel, including his musicians, among them his vihuelistas or violists.
Painting by John Collier " A glass of wine with Caesar Borgia ", from left: Cesare Borgia ( pouring-probably poisoned-wine ), Lucrezia, Pope Alexander and a young man holding an empty glass.
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