* 1746 – The Battle of Culloden is fought between the French-supported Jacobites and the British Hanoverian forces commanded by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, in Scotland.

The Battle of the Nile ( also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay, in French as the Bataille d ' Aboukir or in Egyptian Arabic as معركة أبي قير البحرية ) was a major naval battle fought between British and French fleets at Aboukir Bay on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt from 1 – 3 August 1798.

As had its predecessor, the English Army, the British Army fought Spain, France, and the Netherlands for supremacy in North America and the West Indies.

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

Though the Boers accepted British rule without resistance in 1877, they fought two wars in the late 19th century to defend their internationally recognized independent countries, the republics of the Transvaal ( the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, or ZAR ) and the Orange Free State ( OFS ), against the threat of annexation by the British Crown.

Many Boers had German ancestry and many members of the government were themselves former Boer military leaders who had fought with the Maritz rebels against the British in the Second Boer War, which had ended only twelve years earlier.

Attlee's first Health Secretary, Aneurin Bevan, fought against the general disapproval of the medical establishment by creating the British National Health Service, a publicly funded healthcare system offering treatment free at the point of use.

Sierra Leone was largely colonized by Calvinist settlers from Nova Scotia, who were largely Black Loyalists, blacks who had fought for the British during the American War of Independence.

British and Commonwealth forces fought the neighboring Italians during the East African Campaign.

Not all of those executed were leaders: Willie Pearse described himself as " a personal attaché to my brother, Patrick Pearse "; John MacBride had not even been aware of the Rising until it began, but had fought against the British in the Boer War fifteen years before ; Thomas Kent did not come out at all — he was executed for the killing of a police officer during the raid on his house the week after the Rising.

The First Battle of El Alamein ( 1 – 27 July 1942 ) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought between Axis forces ( Germany and Italy ) of the Panzer Army Africa ( Panzerarmee Afrika ) commanded by Field Marshal ( Generalfeldmarschall ) Erwin Rommel, and Allied ( specifically, British Imperial ) forces ( Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand ) of the British Eighth Army commanded by General Claude Auchinleck.

British concern over Russian advances in Central Asia and growing influence in Persia culminated in two Anglo-Afghan wars and " The Siege of Herat " 1837 – 1838, in which the Persians, trying to retake Afghanistan and throw out the British and Russians, sent armies into the country and fought the British mostly around and in the city of Herat.

Under their rule, Mysore fought a series of wars sometimes against the combined forces of the British and Marathas, but mostly against the British, with Mysore receiving some aid or promise of aid from the French.

In 457, Hengist and Esc fought against British forces in Crayford " and there slew four thousand men ".

At the Crossbarry Ambush in March 1921, 100 or so of Barry's men fought a sizeable engagement with a British column of 1, 200, escaping from the British encircling manoeuvre.

While he waged jihad against Sikhs in North-Western India, his followers fought the British after his death and allied itself with the Indian Mutiny.

For more than one hundred years, English and French trading companies had fought one another for supremacy, and by the middle of the 18th century competition between the British and the French had heated up.

After a failed uprising at Grahamstown in 1819, the fifth of the Xhosa Wars, the British colonial government sentenced African leader Makanda Nxele to life imprisonment on the island.

Afrikaner historiography has emphasized the hardships endured by the frontier farmers which they blamed on British policies of pacifying the Xhosa tribes.

Originally, Fort Hare was a British fort in the wars between British and the Xhosa of the 19th century.

The Great Trek was encouraged by discontent with British rule, the economic changes caused by anti-slavery laws, lack of protection against raiding Xhosa bands, and Anglicisation of established Dutch traditions.

In 1876, the British had annexed Fingoland, the Idutywa reserve and other Xhosa lands, on the understanding that the Cape government should take them over and provide for their government, however there was a serious rebellion by the Gcalekas and the Gaikas and a considerable force of imperial and colonial troops was required in order to put down the uprising.

A few days later, at a meeting of the Xhosa chiefs on 23 December 1847, Sir Harry announced the annexation of the land between the Keiskamma and the Kei Rivers to the British crown, thus re-absorbing the territory that had been given up by Lord Glenelg.

The Xhosa did not initially offer violent resistance against this annexation, and they were mainly left alone as the governor had other serious matters to contend with, including the assertion of British authority over the Boers beyond the Orange river, and the establishment of amicable relations with the Transvaal Boers.

Some 900 of the Kat river Khoikhoi, who had in former wars been firm allies of the British, joined their former enemies: the Xhosa.

Sir George also attempted for the first time, missionary effort apart, to educate the Cape Xhosa and to firmly establish British authority among them, which the self-destruction of the Xhosa rendered easy.

During the early to mid-19th century frontier wars between the British settlers and the local Xhosa inhabitants, East London served as a supply port to service the military headquarters at nearby King William ’ s Town, about thirty miles away.

Because of further British encroachments, constant border wars with the Xhosa to the east, as well as growing land shortages, a large number of the Boer settlers of the eastern Cape became Voortrekkers.

Their collection included 288 mammals, 2205 birds, 322 reptiles, 265 fish, 3875 shellfish, and various human skulls and skeletons from a Cape Town cemetery and from the 22 April 1819 Battle of Grahamstown between the British forces under Colonel Willshire and the Xhosa under Nxele.

Gert later was the leader of one of the Voortrekker groups to have left the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa to escape the British Colonization of the Cape of Good Hope as well as the continual cross border raids by the Xhosa to their north.

As a Second Captain he saw service in the 7th Xhosa War, 1846-1847 during which he drew military sketches of British Kaffraria ( now part of the Eastern Cape Province ) in South Africa.

Many speakers of a language may in fact be from a different nationality, for example both the Afrikaner and Coloured communities speak Afrikaans ( although many Coloured consider themselves to be Afrikaners ), large sections of the Indian community speak English as their home language ( as do South Africans of British descent ) and groups such as the Thembu and Hlubi speak dialects of Xhosa as their home language.

* 12 February-Hintsa ka Khawuta, chief of Gcaleka of the Xhosa tribe, is shot and killed while trying to escape from capture by the British forces ( some sources record the date as 12 May )

Between 1846 and 1847, the Fish River mouth area became a hive of activity during the War of the Axe, one of several frontier wars at the time between the Xhosa nation and the British colonists.

Grahamstown was founded in 1812 as a military outpost by Lieutenant-Colonel John Graham as part of the effort to secure the eastern frontier of British influence in the then Cape Colony against the Xhosa, whose lands lay just to the east.

On 22 April 1819 a large number of Xhosa warriors, under the leadership of Nxele ( or Makana ), launched an attack against the British colonial forces.

Port Elizabeth was founded as a town in 1820 to house British settlers as a way of strengthening the border region between the Cape Colony and the Xhosa.

The Mid-Ulster Brigade was also responsible for the Miami Showband ambush, in which three members of the popular Irish cabaret band The Miami Showband were shot dead at a bogus military vehicle checkpoint outside Newry by gunmen dressed in British Army uniforms.

* Burundi – December 30, 2000 – A British voluntary worker is one of 20 people killed by gunmen.

Brigadier Stephen Saunders ( 1947-8 June 2000 ), the British military attaché in Athens, was killed on 8 June 2000 by motorcycle gunmen who were members of Revolutionary Organization 17 November ( 17N ).

* 7 July: INLA gunmen fired on British soldiers in Ardoyne as part of the widespread violence that followed Mo Mowlam's decision over the Drumcree parade.

* Bernadette Devlin McAliskey, who had served as a British MP and an advocate for the rights of Roman Catholics in Northern Ireland, was shot multiple times, along with her husband, by Protestant gunmen of the paramilitary group Ulster Freedom Fighters who had invaded their home.

* On 17 March 1978, a British Army soldier was shot dead in a gun battle with IRA gunmen near the Glenshane Pass.

The report stated five British soldiers aimed shots at civilians they knew did not pose a threat and two other British soldiers shot at civilians " in the belief that they might have identified gunmen, but without being certain that this was the case ".