The Military of Bulgaria, officially the Bulgarian Army () represents the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria.

Armed skirmishes between Serbian and Bulgarian troops occurred.

Structure of the Bulgarian Armed Forces

* 62nd Svarzochna Brigada ( Bulgarian Armed Forces )

* Military Geographic Centre of the Bulgarian Armed Forces

Since 1990, Bulgaria has an unstable party system, in the past two decades differently dominated by the post-communist Bulgarian Socialist Party or by the right Union of Democratic Forces and recently by the new right-oriented party-Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria.

* January 19 – The Bulgarian presidential election is won by Zhelyu Zhelev, leader of the Union of Democratic Forces.

* October 13 – In the Bulgarian parliamentary election, the Union of Democratic Forces defeats the Bulgarian Socialist Party, leaving no remaining Communist governments in Eastern Europe.

Later in the same year, he became spokesman of the Plovdiv Coordinating Council of the Union of Democratic Forces ( UDF ), a new Bulgarian coalitional opposition to the former ruling political parties ( BKP and BZNS ).

In 1988, just before the Fall of Communism, Zhelev founded the Ruse Committee, and in 1989 he became a founding member and chairman of the Club for Support of Openness and Reform ( a time when many such democratic clubs were formed ), which helped him to achieve the position of Chairman of the Coordinating Council of the Union of Democratic Forces ( Bulgarian: СДС, SDS ) party.

The MRF was severely criticized by the Bulgarian ultra-nationalist party Attack as well as mainstream rightwing parties such as Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria and the Union of Democratic Forces and even by MRF coalition partners of the National Movement Simeon II for allegedly manipulating the vote in the June 2005 elections in some places by bringing Bulgarian citizens of Turkish origin living in Turkey to vote in the elections.

* BBC, the English appearance of the Cyrillic letters ВВС ( VVS ), the initialism for the Soviet Air Forces, Russian Air Force or Bulgarian Air Force ( Военно-Воздушные Силы, Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily, literally, " Military Air Forces ")

In the early 1990s, a split in the Bulgarian Church was stimulated by the government of the Union of Democratic Forces, based on the alleged cooperation and affiliation of Maxim with the former regime.

Dimitrov was active in the Union of Democratic Forces, a broad coalition against continued rule by the Bulgarian Communist Party.

Third was the Movement for Rights and Freedoms, mainly supported by ethnic Turks and Roma with around 13 %, fourth were the far-right nationalists National Union Attack with around 8 %, fifth were the previously governing centre-right United Democratic Forces also with around 8 %, sixth was a party that broke away party from the United Democratic Forces-Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria, led by the prime minister between 1997 and 2001 Ivan Kostov and seventh and the last that entered the parliament was the Bulgarian People's Union, which represents а coalition of two parties that broke away from the United Democratic Forces and one nationalist party.

By the year 1988, the Bulgarian People's Army ( Българска народна армия ) numbered 152, 000 men, serving in four different branches-Land Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, and Missile Forces.

The national passenger and freight operator is called Bulgarian State Railways, but there are also a number of private operators including Bulgarian Railway Company and DB Schenker Rail Bulgaria.

Russian loans are distinguished from Old Bulgarian ones on the basis of the presence of specifically Russian phonetic changes, as in оборот ( turnover, rev ), непонятен ( incomprehensible ), ядро ( nucleus ) and others.

The Serbian army resisted the sudden night attack, while most of soldiers did not even know who they are fighting with, as Bulgarian camps were located next to Serbs and were considered allies.

Examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are the words night ( English ), nuit ( French ), Nacht ( German ), nacht ( Dutch ), nag ( Afrikaans ), nicht ( Scots ), natt ( Swedish, Norwegian ), nat ( Danish ), nátt ( Faroese ), nótt ( Icelandic ), noc ( Czech, Slovak, Polish ), ночь, noch ( Russian ), ноќ, noć ( Macedonian ), нощ, nosht ( Bulgarian ), ніч, nich ( Ukrainian ), ноч, noch / noč ( Belarusian ), noč ( Slovene ), noć ( Serbo-Croatian ), νύξ, nyx ( Ancient Greek, νύχτα / nyhta in Modern Greek ), nox ( Latin ), nakt-( Sanskrit ), natë ( Albanian ), noche ( Spanish ), nos ( Welsh ), nueche ( Asturian ), noite ( Portuguese and Galician ), notte ( Italian ), nit ( Catalan ), noapte ( Romanian ), nakts ( Latvian ) and naktis ( Lithuanian ), all meaning " night " and derived from the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ), " night ".

For example, the words preservative ( English ), préservatif ( French ), Präservativ ( German ), prezervativ ( Romanian, Czech, Croatian ), preservativ ( Slovenian ), preservativo ( Italian, Spanish, Portuguese ), prezerwatywa ( Polish ), презерватив " prezervativ " ( Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian ), prezervatif ( Turkish ), præservativ ( Danish ), prezervatyvas ( Lithuanian ), Prezervatīvs ( Latvian ) and preservatiu ( Catalan ) are all derived from the Latin word praeservativum.

Macedonian and Bulgarian are sharply divergent from the remaining South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian and Slovene, and indeed all other Slavic languages, in that they don't use noun cases ( except for the vocative, and apart from some traces of once productive inflections still found scattered throughout the languages ).

There are regular contacts between the Macedonian and Bulgarian officials, confirming the relatively good relationships between the two neighboring countries.

About 89. 4 % of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians, whose language, Romanian, is an Eastern Romance language, descended primarily from Latin with some Bulgarian, Serbian, German, Greek, Hungarian and Turkish borrowings.

Saints Cyril and Methodius are the most celebrated saints in the Bulgarian Orthodox church, and icons of the two brothers can be found in every church.

Albanian, Arabic, Assyrian ( VSO and VOS are also followed, depending on the person ), Berber, Bulgarian, Chinese, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Italian, Ganda, Greek, Hausa, Hebrew, Javanese, Kashmiri, Khmer, Latvian, Macedonian, Polish, Portuguese, Quiche, Rotuman, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swahili, Thai, Vietnamese, Yoruba and Zulu are examples of languages that can follow an SVO pattern.

Examples are Modern Greek, Albanian, Baltic languages such as Lithuanian and Latvian, Slavic languages such as Polish, Czech, Croatian, Serbian, Ukrainian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, and the modern Celtic languages such as Scottish Gaelic and Irish.

Most of the Bulgarian and Greek population are Christians, while most of the Turkish inhabitants of Thrace are Muslims.

The series of events are not clear due to contradicting sources, but it is sure that after 971, Samuil and his brothers were the de facto rulers of the Western Bulgarian lands.

In 2012 Bulgarian Turks are represented at every level of government-local, with MRF having mayors in 35 municipalities, at parliamentary level with MRF having 38 deputies ( 14 % of the votes in Parliamentary elections for 2009-13 ) and at executive level, where there is currently one Turkish minister-Vezhdi Rashidov.

A number of ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval Bulgarian buildings are preserved in the centre of the city.

Some of the biggest telecommunications companies, TV and radio stations, newspapers, magazines, and web portals are based in Sofia, including the Bulgarian National Television, bTV and Nova TV.

The Ethnographic Museum and the National Museum of Military History are other places of interest, holding large collections of Bulgarian folk costumes and armaments, respectively.

Other leading higher education establishments are the National Academy of Arts, the Technical University of Sofia, Sofia Medical University, Rakovski Defence and Staff College, and New Bulgarian University.

In support of this hypothesis is the 10th-century diplomatic protocol of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, where the Bulgarian nobles are called boliades, while the 9th-century Bulgar sources call them boila.

There are bus lines to many Bulgarian and international cities from two bus terminals and train ferry and ro-ro services to Odessa, Ukraine, Port Kavkaz, Russia, Poti and Batumi, Georgia.

Temperatures in summer usually vary between 20 – 25 degrees in the night and 27 – 35 during the day, in June, July and August temperatures above 40 C are rare because of the breeze winds and in Varna and the all Bulgarian Black Sea coast is cooler than other parts in the country.

The main body of the Bulgarian army traveled from the Ottoman border in the southeast to the Serbian border in the northwest to defend the capital Sofia.

The Bulgarian government declared a token war on the United Kingdom and the United States near the end of 1941, an act which resulted in the bombing of Sofia and other Bulgarian cities by Allied aircraft.

* Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia

Its forces encountered little resistance and by the time the Greeks accepted the Bulgarian request for armistice they had reached Vrazhdebna, 7 miles from the center of Sofia.

* 1873 – Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski is executed by hanging in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities.

The plane instead lands in Ankara after the pilot tricked the hijacker into thinking that he is landing in the Bulgarian capital of Sofia to refuel.

* August 26 – In Sofia, protestors set fire to the headquarters of the governing Bulgarian Socialist Party.

* April 16 – The Communist St. Nedelya Church assault claims the lives of 150 and injures 500 in the Bulgarian capital, Sofia.

The new territory of Bulgaria was limited between the Danube and the Stara Planina range, with its seat at the old Bulgarian capital of Veliko Turnovo and including Sofia.

* 12 Myths in Bulgarian History, by Bozhidar Dimitrov ; Published by " KOM Foundation ," Sofia, 2005.

* The 7th Ancient Civilizations in Bulgaria ( The Golden Prehistoric Civilization, Civilization of Thracians and Macedonians, Hellenistic Civilization, Roman Civilization, Byzantine Civilization, Bulgarian Civilization, Islamic Civilization ), by Bozhidar Dimitrov ; Published by " KOM Foundation ," Sofia, 2005 ( 108 p .)

This turned into a disaster for the citizens of Sofia and other major Bulgarian cities, which were heavily bombed by the Allies in the winter of 1943 – 1944.

Samuel was the fourth and youngest son of count ( comita ) Nikola, a Bulgarian noble, who might have been the Count of Sredets ( Sofia ), although other sources suggest that he was a regional count somewhere in the region of today Macedonia.

The name was last used in the 19th century in a Bulgarian text, Service and hagiography of Saint George the New of Sofia:.

The current name Sofia was first used in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman or in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376 ; it refers to the famous Holy Sophia Church, an ancient church in the city named after the Christian concept of the Holy Wisdom.

Sofia first became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809, after a long siege.

After the fall of North-eastern Bulgaria under John I Tzimiskes ' armies in 971, the Bulgarian Patriarch Damyan chose Sofia for his seat in the next year.

Quite some time after 1878 there was a strong will, expressed by Bulgarian committees, to keep the name Sredets, but the Russian administration accepted Sofia.

The Bulgarian Volleyball Federation is the world's second-oldest, and it was an exhibition tournament organised by the BVF in Sofia that convinced the International Olympic Committee to include volleyball as an olympic sport in 1957.

Mitove na bulgarskata zemya: Mednoto Gumno ( Myths of the Bulgarian Land: The Copper Threshing Floor ), Sofia, 1982