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The CRC was invented by W. Wesley Peterson in 1961 ; the 32-bit polynomial used in the CRC function of Ethernet and many other standards is the work of several researchers and was published during 1975.
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Each data system bus ( aka string ) was composed of the same functional elements, consisting of multiplexers ( MUX ), high-level modules ( HLM ), low-level modules ( LLM ), power converters ( PC ), bulk memory ( BUM ), data management subsystem bulk memory ( DBUM ), timing chains ( TC ), phase locked loops ( PLL ), Golay coders ( GC ), hardware command decoders ( HCD ) and critical controllers ( CRC ).
Thirdly, CRC is a linear function with a property that CRC ( X XOR Y ) = CRC ( X ) XOR CRC ( Y ); as a result, even if the CRC is encrypted with a stream cipher ( or mode of block cipher which effectively turns it into stream cipher, such as OFB or CFB ), both message and associated CRC can be manipulated without knowledge of encryption key ; this was one of the well-known design flaws of the Wired Equivalent Privacy ( WEP ) protocol.
The T1 Extended Superframe ( ESF ) Format ( a 24 bit code composed of 6 framing bits, 6 CRC Error Checking Bits and 12 Signaling Bits ) was introduced with the D5 Channel Bank, a true 24-channel channel bank chassis, which could also be software optioned to use the Superframe framing format.
By 1977 the Norpak system was running, and from this work the CRC decided to create their own teletext / videotext system.
Compared to the European standards, the CRC system was faster, bi-directional, and offered real graphics as opposed to simple character graphics.
Telidon ( from the Greek words τῆλε, tele " at a distance " and ἰδών, idon " seeing ") was a videotex / teletext service developed by the Canadian Communications Research Centre ( CRC ) during the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The CRC was able to interest the Department of Communications ( DoC ), their superiors within the federal government, to fund development of their system into the basis for a videotex service.
The lead contestant role was played by Chad Price of CRC ( Cary Reconstruction ) from Apex, North Carolina.
In 1975, the CRC gave a contract to Norpak to develop an interactive graphics terminal that could decode the instructions and display them on a colour display, which was successfully up and running by 1977.
Against the background of the developments in Europe, CRC was able to persuade the Canadian government to develop the system into a fully-fledged service.
" He was elected President of the Civil Rights Congress ( CRC ) on June 5, 1946 at a meeting held at the Hotel Diplomat in New York City, and " devoted the largest portion of his working time to CRC activities.
" In 1946, a bail fund was created by the CRC " to be used at the discretion of three trustees to gain the release of defendants arrested for political reasons.
" On April 3, 1947, the CRC was designated a Communist front group on the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations, as directed by U. S. President Harry S. Truman ’ s Executive Order 9835.
PlanetMath was started when the popular free online mathematics encyclopedia MathWorld was temporarily taken offline for 12 months by a court injunction as a result of the CRC Press lawsuit against the Wolfram Research company and its employee ( and MathWorld's author ) Eric Weisstein.
CRC and by
This has the convenience that the remainder of the original bitstream with the check value appended is exactly zero, so the CRC can be checked simply by performing the polynomial division on the received bitstream and comparing the remainder with zero.
* Omission of the high-order bit of the divisor polynomial: Since the high-order bit is always 1, and since an n-bit CRC must be defined by an ( n + 1 )- bit divisor which overflows an n-bit register, some writers assume that it is unnecessary to mention the divisor's high-order bit.
The first commercial devices ( medical strip chart recorders ) were introduced in 1951 by Siemens .< REF name =" CRC "/>
Amphibians and reptiles were affected by the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse ( CRC ), an extinction event that occurred ~ 300 million years ago.
* Introduction to Forensic Engineering ( The Forensic Library ) by Randall K. Noon, CRC Press ( 1992 ).
* Forensic Materials Engineering: Case Studies by Peter Rhys Lewis, Colin Gagg, Ken Reynolds, CRC Press ( 2004 ).
The Canadian Communications Research Centre ( CRC ), based in Ottawa, had been working on various graphics systems since the late 1960s, much of it led by Herb Bown.
The CRC had patented several of the technologies by the end of 1977 ; a touch-sensitive input mechanism, the basic graphics system, and the interactive graphics programming language.
In March 1961, the CIA helped Cuban exiles in Miami to create the Cuban Revolutionary Council ( CRC ), chaired by José Miró Cardona, former Prime Minister of Cuba in January 1959.
Books and publications related to the SAS System are published by mainstream publishers ( e. g. John Wiley & Sons, CRC Press ) and many more by SAS Institute itself, which instituted a " Books By Users " program in the early 1990s.
The Corlett Recreational Center ( CRC ) is located on the northeast side of the island and features several rooms for use by inhabitants as well as a full-size, indoor court where community and youth basketball, volleyball and indoor soccer can be played.
This was part of a research project conducted by Cochlear Ltd and the University of Melbourne Department of Otolaryngology under the umbrella of CRC HEAR to be the first cochlear implant system capable of functioning for sustained periods with no external components.
CRC and W
* Bown, H. G., O ' Brien, C. D., Sawchuck, W., and Storey J. R. " A General Description of Telidon: A Canadian Proposal for Videotex Systems ", CRC Technical Note No. 697-E, Department of Communications, December 1978
* W. Wesley Peterson, mathematician and computer scientist, best known for inventing the Cyclic Redundancy Check ( CRC )
* Hearle, John W. S. & O ' Hear & McKenna, N. H. A. Handbook of Fibre Rope Technology, CRC Press, 2004
CRC and .
* Srikant, Y. N .; Shankar, Priti, The Compiler Design Handbook: Optimizations and Machine Code Generation, CRC Press, 2003.
* < tt > cksum </ tt >, a Unix command that generates both a 32-bit CRC and a byte count for any given input file.
* Dinesh Mehta and Sartaj Sahni Handbook of Data Structures and Applications, Chapman and Hall / CRC Press, 2007.
* Vijay Madisetti, Douglas B. Williams: The Digital Signal Processing Handbook, CRC Press, ISBN 0-8493-8572-5
* Bimal Krishna, K. Y. Lin, Hari C. Krishna: Computational Number Theory & Digital Signal Processing, CRC Press, ISBN 0-8493-7177-5
Enthalpy changes are routinely measured and compiled in chemical and physical reference works, such as the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
Beck popularized CRC cards with Ward Cunningham and along with Erich Gamma created the JUnit unit testing framework.
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