From 1867 to 1880s, the departure of British forces in Canada meant militia units were the only army available on Canadian soil.

Most Canadian cities have one or more militia units.

* The Toronto Scottish Regiment ( Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Own ), a Canadian militia unit

* June 2 – Fenian forces skirmish with Canadian militia at Ridgeway and Fort Erie.

During that process of gradual independence, the governor general took on an ever expanding role: in 1904, the Militia Act granted permission for the governor general to use the title of Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian militia, in the name of the sovereign and actual Commander-in-Chief, and in 1927 the first official international visit by a governor general was made.

Despite their use of a Gatling gun, a flying column of Canadian militia and army regulars, government forces were defeated.

While at one point Spanish administrators wanted to attack the Big Osage, there were not sufficient French Canadian settlers to recruit for a militia to do so.

About 300 men actually occupied and held a stone windmill at Prescott, Ontario where a five day battle called The Battle of the Windmill was fought against British regulars and Canadian militia.

In April 1760, Lévis returned to Quebec with an army of over 7, 000 men, including Canadian militia and First Nations warriors.

The remainder of his army was made up of Canadian militia, plus a handful of native allies.

In 1660, settler Adam Dollard des Ormeaux led a Canadian and Huron militia against a much larger Iroquois force ; none of the Canadians survived, but they succeeded in turning back the Iroquois invasion.

During the 1960s, three Canadian regiments had both regular and militia components, which were disbanded shortly after unification in 1968.

After the Armistice, the peacetime Canadian militia was nominally organized into corps and divisions but no full time formations larger than a battalion were ever trained or exercised.

Canadian Premier John A. Macdonald called on the volunteer militia companies in every town to protect Canada.

From the founding of New France until the establishment of a professional Canadian Army, the colonial militia played an extremely important role in the defence of Canada.

Military service has been part of Canadian life since the 17th century in New France, where colonists were required to serve in local militia to support regular units of the French army and navy.

In the long struggle between the French and British colonies, British and colonial American troops found the Indian-style tactics ( i. e., Guerrilla warfare / frontier warfare ) of the Canadian militia to be a formidable adversary.

While British redcoats did most of the fighting in the War of 1812, Canadian militia and allied Indian warriors proved to be a vital part of Canada's defence.

On December 29, Canadian loyalist Colonel Sir Allan MacNab and Captain Andrew Drew of the Royal Navy commanding a party of militia, acting on information and guidance from Alexander McLeod that the vessel belongs to Mackenzie, crossed the international boundary and seized the Caroline, chased off the crew, towed her into the current, set her afire, and cast her adrift over Niagara Falls, after killing one black American named Amos Durfee in the process.

In the meantime, filibusters from the United States, the Hunter Patriots, formed a small militia and attacked Windsor, Upper Canada, to further support the Canadian Patriots.

His force included 3 regiments of regulars, several companies of Canadian militia, and numerous Indians.

Meanwhile, at Fort Duquesne, the French garrison consisted of only about 250 regulars and Canadian militia, with about 640 Indian allies camped outside the fort.

On August 9, 1757, Montcalm, with an army of 7, 000 men consisting of French soldiers, Canadian militia, and Indians from various tribes, took Fort William Henry, situated at the southern point of Lake George.

He had about 300 regulars, supported by 650 Canadian and Loyalist militia, and they were joined by 1, 000 Indians led by John Butler and the Iroquois war chiefs Joseph Brant, Sayenqueraghta and Cornplanter.

Now known as the Wolseley Expedition ( or Red River Expedition ), it consisted of Canadian militia and British regular soldiers led by Colonel Garnet Wolseley.

In Canada, where the Act of Settlement is now a part of Canadian constitutional law, Tony O ' Donohue, a Canadian civic politician, took issue with the provisions that exclude Roman Catholics from the throne, and which make the monarch of Canada the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, requiring him or her to be an Anglican.

Crowded House took a break after the Canadian leg of the Temple of Low Men tour.

The First World War took its toll on the Canadian Geological Survey, cutting funding for anthropology and making the academic climate less agreeable.

Howard of the Connecticut National Guard had an interest in the company manufacturing Gatling guns, and took a personally-owned Gatling gun to Saskatchewan in Canada in 1885 for use with the Canadian military against the Métis during Louis Riel's North-West Rebellion.

The Canadian press reported that in interviews, first-year psychology students who took Rushton's classes said that he had conducted a survey of students ' sexual habits in 1988, asking " such questions as how large their penises are, how many sex partners they have had, and how far they can ejaculate.

A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police many agent names ; Philby could do nothing about this.

A brief dramatic episode of Marxist-Leninist revolution took place in North America during the October Crisis in the province of Quebec in Canada, where the Marxist-Leninist and Quebec separatist Front de libération du Québec ( FLQ ) kidnapped the British Trade Commissioner in Canada, James Cross, and Quebec government minister Pierre Laporte who was later killed, it issued a manifesto condemning what it considered English Canadian imperialism in French Quebec calling for an independent, socialist Quebec.

Canadian electronic progressive rock band Syrinx took their name from the legend.

In the fall of 1985, Bailey took Twain down to Nashville to stay with a friend, record producer Tony Migliore, who at the time was producing an album for fellow Canadian singer Kelita Haverland and Twain was featured on the backing vocals to the song Too Hot to Handle.

In 1916, under the British Board of Invention and Research, Canadian physicist Robert William Boyle took on the active sound detection project with A B Wood, producing a prototype for testing in mid 1917.

After the game, Gretzky took the opportunity to confirm his patriotism: " I'm still proud to be a Canadian.

The new department took some time to develop, but over time it significantly increased the reach and projection of Canadian diplomacy.

Unlike World War I, however, when Canada was automatically at war as soon as Britain joined, King asserted Canadian autonomy by waiting until September 10, a full week after Britain's declaration, when a vote in the House of Commons took place, to support the government's decision to declare war.

It is not clear if Picatinny took the concept from this Canadian weapon and asked Norman MacLeod to develop it ; or if he came up with the idea independently and presented it to them.

During a seven-day pause, the British Second Army took over a section of the British Fifth Army front adjoining the Canadian Corps.

Doug Owram argues that the Canadian boom took place from 1943 to 1960, but that culturally boomers ( everywhere ) were born between the late war years and about 1955 or 1956.

* Paskwüw ( Paskwa, Pisqua, usually called Pasquah-‘ The Plain ’; French: Les Prairies ), Chief of the Plains Cree, born 1828, son of the famous chief Mahkaysis, 1874 his tribal group were making their living with bison hunting in the vicinity of today's Leech Lake, Saskatchewan, they had also created gardens and raised a small herd of cattle, in September 1874 Pasqua took part in the negotiations on the Treaty 4 in Qu ' Appelle Valley, he asked the Canadian government for the payment of £ 300, 000 to the tribes, which the Hudson's Bay Company had received for the sale of Rupert's land to Canada, despite the refusal of Canada he finally signed the treaty and moved to a reserve five miles west of Fort Qu ' Appelle, stayed out with his tribal group from the Northwest Rebellion of 1885, died in March 1889 he succumbed to the tuberculosis )

Just north of the Nokonis in the Red River Valley, between the Red River and the Canadian River, lived the numerous residential local groups of the powerful Kotsotekas ( Kʉhtsʉtʉʉka — ‘ Buffalo-Eaters ’), which took their name because of the always large buffalo herds in their territory.

The little Force we have in the Province was immediately set in Motion, and ordered to assemble at or near St. John's ; The Noblesse of this Neighbourhood were called upon to collect their Inhabitants, in order to defend themselves, the Savages of those Parts likewise had the same orders ; but tho ' the Gentlemen testified great Zeal, neither their Entreaties or their Example could prevail upon the People ; a few of the Gentry, consisting principally of the Youth, residing in this Place, and its Neighbourhood, formed a small Corps of Volunteers under the Command of Mr. Samuel Mackay, and took Post at St. John's ; the Indians shewed as much Backwardness as the Canadian Peasantry.

A second battle of Arnhem took place in April 1945 when the city was liberated by the British 49th ( West Riding ) Infantry Division of the First Canadian Army.

French Canadian explorers founded Mobile as the first capital of Louisiana in 1702, and took advantage of the war to build Fort Toulouse at the confluence of the Tallapoosa and Coosa in 1717, trading with the Alabama and Coushatta.

The Toronto observatory ended in 1853, but the Canadian government took over the service and continued collecting climate data.

After five weeks of attacking, the Canadian 4th Division finally took the formidable Regina Trench north of Courcelette on 11 November, and Desire Trench 400 yards beyond a week later.