Numantia is famous for its role in the Celtiberian Wars.

In the northeasterly province of Hispania Citerior, the Celtiberian Wars occupied Roman forces for the better part of the 2nd century.

Rarely mentioned in the sources regarding the Lusitanian, Celtiberian or Roman Civil Wars of the 2nd – 1st centuries BC, they re-emerged from a relative obscurity just prior to the outbreak of the first Astur-Cantabrian war at the late 1st century BC.

Another author, Cornelius Nepos, claims that the Cantabrian tribes first submitted to Rome upon Cato the Elder ’ s campaigns in Celtiberia in 195 BC, and later Cantabri warbands fought for the Vaccaei and Celtiberians in the Celtiberian Wars of the 2nd century BC.

On December 23, 2011, the Spanish Government officially acknowledges for the first time to Wicca as a religion, Wicca Tradition Celtiberian register in the Register of religious bodies with the reference 2560-GS / A, being the first country for Spain Europe and the second in the world after U. S., to recognize her.

Their origin is, as well as most of other parts of the Spain, a heterogeneous mixture of Celtiberian, Roman, Basque and Germanic peoples ( see also Spanish people ).

Numantia ( Numancia in Spanish ) is the name of an ancient Celtiberian settlement, whose remains are located 7 km north of the city of Soria, on a hill known as Cerro de la Muela in the municipality of Garray.

Spanish developed from Vulgar Latin, with influence from Celtiberian ( and possibly other Paleohispanic languages ), Basque and Arabic, and Visigothic in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.

* Numancia, Spanish spelling of the ancient Celtiberian city of Numantia

In the inner part of the Peninsula, where both groups were in contact, a mixed, distinctive, culture arose, called Celtiberian.

The base Celtiberian population remained in various stages of Romanisation, and local leaders were admitted into the Roman aristocratic class.

Celtiberian tradition of Wicca, consisting of Fernando Gonzalez ( source ) in the 80's of the twentieth century from the Hispanic Traditional Witchcraft to which he belongs, is a structured religion through the symbiosis between " traditionalism wizard " ( inciatic and mystery ), the historical reconstructionist ( cultural and archaeological ) and " adaptationism " liturgical ( conditioning ceremonial ) of Hispanic Traditional Witchcraft, paganism, religious worship pre-Christian Celtic and Iberian mainly and those that were previously formed ( shamanism, Neolithic and Paleolithic cults ).

A large inland region, Castile, Madrid and Leon were Celtiberian country before its annexation and cultural latinization by the Roman Empire but it is extremely doubtful that anything from the musical traditions of the Celtic era have survived.

The Celtiberian language is one of the Iberian Celtic languages that were spoken in pre-Roman and early Roman Iberia.

The dominant tribe were the Arevaci, who dominated their neighbors from powerful strongholds at Okilis ( Medinaceli ) and who rallied the long Celtiberian resistance to Rome.

Dii, Lares, Nymphs and Genii, were the main types of divinity worshiped, known from the Latin epigraphy, although many names are recorded in the Lusitanian or Celtiberian languages.

The Arevaci were a Celtiberian tribe, formed by the mingling of Iberians and migrating Celts in the 6th century BC, who inhabited an area near Numantia and Uxama.

The Celtiberian inscriptions were made on different object types ( silver and bronze coins, ceramic recipients, bronze plaques and tesseras, amphores, stones, spindle-whorls etc .).

The fact that almost all the Celtiberian inscriptions were found out of archaeological context does not allow a precise chronology to be established, but it seem that the oldest inscriptions in Celtiberian script date to the 2nd century BCE and the recent ones date from the 1st century BCE.

The Vettones were apparently a group of tribes of western Hispano-Celtic and Celtiberian origin organized since the 3rd Century BC into a tribal confederacy of undeterminated strength.

The Turduli were an ancient Celtiberian tribe of Lusitania, akin to the Lusitanians.

One of his most recent projects has been in the Najerilla valley, La Rioja, Spain, which straddles " the interface between the Celtiberian heartland of central Iberia and the Atlantic zone of the Bay of Biscay ".

The archaeological recovery of Celtiberian culture commenced with the excavations of Numantia, published between 1914 and 1931.

They assert that a partition that lumps the Brythonic languages and Gaulish ( P-Celtic ) on one side and the Goidelic languages with Celtiberian ( Q-Celtic ) on the other may be a superficial one ( i. e. owing to a language contact phenomenon ), as the identical sound shift ( to ) could have occurred independently in the predecessors of Gaulish and Brythonic, or have spread through language contact between those two groups.

The first mention of the city ( with the name Aebura ) occurs in Livy's description of a battle between the Romans and the Carpetanoi, a Celtiberian tribe.

* Celtiberian or Northeastern Hispano-Celtic ( 3rd to 1st century BC ) is the name given to the language in northeast Iberia, between the headwaters of the Douro, Tagus, Júcar and Turia rivers and the Ebro river.

Iria Flavia or simply Iria in Galicia, northwestern Spain, was a Celtiberian port, the main seat of the Caporos, on the road between Braga and Astorga.

The Sertorian War, 80-72 BC, marked the last formal resistance of the Celtiberian cities to Roman domination, which submerged the Celtiberian culture.

*" The Celtiberian and Roman city of Tiernes ": an on-going excavation

The Celtiberian inscriptions have been found mainly in the Ebre valley and near the sources of the Tejo and Douro rivers, where the Roman and Greek sources locate the Celtiberian people.

The most clearly legalistic sources are the Celtiberian inscriptions on Bronze tablets from Contrebia Belaisca ( Botorrita ), dating from early after the Roman occupation of this area.

The Lusitani are mentioned for the first time in Livy ( 218 BC ) and are described as fighting for the Carthaginians ; they are reported as fighting against Rome in 194 BC, sometimes allied with Celtiberian tribes.

He was known to the Romans as the dux of the Lusitanian army, as the adsertor ( protector ) of Hispania, or as an imperator, probably of the confederated Lusitanian and Celtiberian tribes.

These tribes or nation spoke the Celtiberian language.

The assimilated would be regular in Italo-Celtic, and Pokorny associates the Celtiberian ethnonym Querquerni, found in Hispania in Galicia.

An older Celtiberian name was Oba ( gold river ), leading to the assumption that etymologically Córdoba means city on the Oba ( Cart-Oba ), but it is actually derived from the Phoenician qorteb meaning " oil press ".

This name comes from two terms of the Celtiberian language of the Celtic branch of Indo-European.

The god Lugus is mentioned in a Celtiberian inscription from Peñalba de Villastar in Spain, which reads:

The origin of the name Segovia is said of Celtiberian origin, but also thought it was derived from the Visigoth conquest and occupation of Castile by the Goths, a Scandinavian / Germanic tribe lived in Castile from the 4th to 6th centuries AD.

* from * uei -, as in the viriae or Celtiberian " twisted armbands " used by warriors ( Pliny XXIII, 39 );

Archaeologists Martín Almagro Gorbea and Alvarado Lorrio recognize the distinguishing iron tools and extended family social structure of developed Celtiberian culture as evolving from the archaic castro culture which they consider " proto-Celtic ".

Excavations at the Celtiberian strongholds Kontebakom-Bel Botorrita, Sekaisa Segeda, Tiermes complement the grave goods found in Celtiberian cemeteries, where aristocratic tombs of the 6th to 5th centuries give way to warrior tombs with a tendency from the 3rd century for weapons to disappear from grave goods, either indicating an increased urgency for their distribution among living fighters or, as Almagro-Gorbea and Lorrio think, the increased urbanization of Celtiberian society.

Metalwork stands out in Celtiberian archaeological finds, partly from its indestructible nature, emphasizing Celtiberian articles of warlike uses, horse trappings and prestige weapons.

Following Lejeune 1971, the consensus view became that Lepontic should be classified as a Celtic language, albeit possibly as divergent as Celtiberian, and in any case quite distinct from Cisalpine Gaulish ( Lejeune 1971, Kruta 1991, Stifter 2008 ).

Numantia took in some fugitives from the city of Segeda, who belonged to another Celtiberian tribe called the Belli.