[permalink] [id link]
The Chagas Biovigilance Network reports current incidents of Chagas-positive blood products in the United States, as reported by labs using the screening test approved by the FDA in 2007.
from
Wikipedia
Some Related Sentences
Chagas and current
The current protocol tests donated blood for HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Syphilis ( T pallidum ), Chagas disease ( T cruzi ), and West Nile Virus.
* Fernando Chagas Carvalho Neto ( born 1952 ), the Brazilian current Vice-President of Sport Club Internacional
Chagas and blood
Blood transfusion was formerly the second-most common mode of transmission for Chagas disease, but the development and implementation of blood bank screening tests has dramatically reduced this risk in the last decade.
The US FDA has approved two Chagas tests, including one approved in April 2010, and has published guidelines that recommend testing of all donated blood and tissue products.
While these tests are not required in US, an estimated 75 – 90 % of the blood supply is currently tested for Chagas, including all units collected by the American Red Cross, which accounts for 40 % of the U. S. blood supply.
Chagas can also be acquired congenitally, through blood transfusion or organ transplant, and rarely through contaminated food ( for example garapa ).
Chagas and United
Chagas disease is contracted primarily in the Americas, particularly in poor, rural areas of Mexico, Central America, and South America ; very rarely, the disease has been found in the Southern United States.
Blood donations in all endemic Latin American countries undergo Chagas screening, and testing is expanding in countries, such as France, Spain and the United States, that have significant or growing populations of immigrants from endemic areas.
Chagas disease affects eight to 10 million people living in endemic Latin American countries, with an additional 300, 000 – 400, 000 living in nonendemic countries, including Spain and the United States.
In areas where Chagas disease occurs ( from the southern United States to northern Argentina ), all triatomine species are potential vectors of the Chagas disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, but only those species ( such as Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus ) that are well adapted to living with humans are considered important vectors.
Chagas and by
Chagas disease (;,,,, mal de Chagas in both languages ; also called American trypanosomiasis ) is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi.
Gross anatomy of a heart that has been damaged by chronic Chagas disease-see also:: Image: Heart radiology Chagas disease. JPG | Chagas heart, radiology
The clinical manifestations of Chagas disease are due to cell death in the target tissues that occurs during the infective cycle, by sequentially inducing an inflammatory response, cellular lesions, and fibrosis.
There is currently no vaccine against Chagas disease and prevention is generally focused on fighting the vector Triatoma by using sprays and paints containing insecticides ( synthetic pyrethroids ), and improving housing and sanitary conditions in rural areas.
More recently, the potential of DNA vaccines for immunotherapy of acute and chronic Chagas disease is being tested by several research groups.
Autonomic disease imparted by Chagas may eventually result in megaesophagus, megacolon and accelerated dilated cardiomyopathy.
Chronic heart disease caused by Chagas disease is now a common reason for heart transplantation surgery.
Until recently, however, Chagas disease was considered a contraindication for the procedure, since the heart damage could recur as the parasite was expected to seize the opportunity provided by the immunosuppression that follows surgery.
It was noted that survival rates in Chagas patients could be significantly improved by using lower dosages of the immunosuppressant drug ciclosporin.
Confusion between the two pathogens ' life-cycles led him to briefly recognize his genus Schizotrypanum, but following the description of Pneumocystis by others as an independent genus, Chagas returned to the use of the name Trypanosoma cruzi.
While this species carries the parasite that can cause Chagas disease, it rarely infects humans as defecation is delayed 20 – 30 minutes after feeding, in contrast to the immediate defecation behavior displayed by the Latin American species.
* Chagas disease ( American trypanosomiasis ), another human tropical disease caused by trypanosomes
The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are ; African trypanosomiasis ( Sleeping Sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei ), South American trypanosomiasis ( Chagas Disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi ), and leishmaniasis ( a set of trypanosomal diseases caused by various species of Leishmania ).
Diseases caused by members of the order trypanosomatida include sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, caused by species of Trypanosoma, and leishmaniasis, caused by species of Leishmania.
Chagas and using
Recently, direct stem cell therapy of the heart muscle using bone marrow cell transplantation has been shown to dramatically reduce risks of heart failure in Chagas patients.
Chagas and screening
In Spain, donors are evaluated with a questionnaire to identify individuals at risk of Chagas exposure for screening tests.
Chagas and test
Dr Dennis E Bidwell and Alister Voller created the ELISA test to detect various kind of diseases, such as malaria, Chagas disease, and Johne's disease.
Chagas and .
The symptoms of Chagas disease vary over the course of an infection.
After 4 – 8 weeks, individuals with active infections enter the chronic phase of Chagas disease that is asymptomatic for 60 – 80 % of chronically infected individuals through their lifetime.
The currently available antiparasitic treatments for Chagas disease are benznidazole and nifurtimox, which can cause temporary side effects in many patients including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.
It is estimated that as many as 11 million people in Mexico, Central America, and South America have Chagas disease, most of whom do not know they are infected.
Large-scale population movements from rural to urban areas of Latin America and to other regions of the world have increased the geographic distribution of Chagas disease, and cases have been noted in many countries, particularly in Europe.
It usually occurs unnoticed because it is symptom-free or exhibits only mild symptoms that are not unique to Chagas disease.
The most recognized marker of acute Chagas disease is called Romaña's sign, which includes swelling of the eyelids on the side of the face near the bite wound or where the bug feces were deposited or accidentally rubbed into the eye.
In 10 % of individuals, the disease progresses directly from the acute form to a symptomatic clinical form of chronic Chagas disease.
If left untreated, Chagas disease can be fatal, in most cases due to heart muscle damage.
Chagas disease can also be spread congenitally ( from a pregnant woman to her baby ) through the placenta, and accounts for approximately 13 % of stillborn deaths in parts of Brazil.
Chagas disease is a growing problem in Europe, because the majority of cases with chronic infection are asymptomatic and because of migration from Latin America.
The presence of T. cruzi is diagnostic of Chagas disease.
Network and reports
* Network in Solidarity with the People of Guatemala = Website of Network in Solidarity with the People of Guatemala, with special reports on justice and accountability
The financial database created by these reports is administered by the U. S .’ s Financial Intelligence Unit ( FIU ), called the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ( FinCEN ), which is located in Vienna, Virginia.
However, studies by the Drug Abuse Warning Network in the 1970s show that media reports of PCP-induced violence are greatly exaggerated and that incidents of violence were unusual and often ( but not always ) limited to individuals with reputations for aggression regardless of drug use.
Rearing a relatively small number of grazing animals can be beneficial, as the Food Climate Research Network at Surrey University reports: " A little bit of livestock production is probably a good thing for the environment.
* Education Data Exchange Network, a set of statistical reports
MUFON the Mutual UFO Network has visited the town numerous times and held events to take reports and questions from concerned citizens of the area.
It was an Army tank recovery vehicle ( M88 Wrecker ) retrofitted by Miramar, Florida-based company Maritime Telecommunications Network, with live television and satellite transmission equipment so he could continuously broadcast reports as troops made their way toward Baghdad .< ref >
These reports are filed with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (" FinCEN ").
Curro previously filled in for National Nine News Melbourne weekend presenter Jo Hall, she also used to present weekly Crimestopper reports on the Nine Network.
By monitoring spam reports from places such as spamcop, AOL's feedback loop, and Network Abuse Clearinghouse, the domain's abuse @ mailbox, etc., ISPs can often learn of problems before they seriously damage the ISP's reputation and have their mail servers blacklisted.
Since its founding the Museum Security Network has collected and disseminated over 20. 000 reports about incidents with cultural property.
White also did sports reports for the CBS Radio Network and helped call several World Series for CBS Radio ( along with Los Angeles Dodgers announcer Ross Porter and later, Jack Buck ).
In 2001, Access Resource Services d / b / a Psychic Readers Network was sued in various lawsuits brought by ( among others ) Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Florida, and the Federal Communications Commission, although reports later said that " many customers were satisfied with the service ".
* European Network on Debt and Development reports, news and links on external debt.
The data collected by Sustrans to compile monitoring reports, from traffic counters and user surveys, shows that National Cycle Network usage is predominantly urban, and mainly on traffic-free sections.
* In March 2008, PC News Digest reports “ Network Solutions Scam ”.
These reports are distributed worldwide through the Economic Freedom Network, a global network of 80 think-tanks.
In September 1996, CTV Television Network Ltd. ( a division of CTV ) was granted a broadcast licence by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) for CTV N1, a national English language specialty television service that will broadcast " news, weather and sports reports, as well as business, consumer and lifestyle information ," in a ' headline news ' format on a 15 minute news wheel.
Earlier in the network's history, weather reports were provided by The Weather Network, which is independently owned, and sports segments were once co-branded with Headline Sports, and then later by CTV Sportsnet, which CTV owned before it acquired TSN.
The US National Pesticides Telecommunications Network database collected reports from 1984 to 1991 showing 91 human, 9 animal and 31 other poisoning incidents for a total of 131 incidents involving dicofol from 571 phone calls made to the hotline.
* European Network on Debt and Development reports, news and links on capital flight.
Although the Babylon 5 universe shows the Earth as being united under a single government, separate nation-states still exist ( such as when the Interstellar News Network reports that Indonesia's government is complaining about not receiving its fair share of money from Earthgov ).
Fans of the previous guises of some stations bought by the GWR Group, notably Essex FM and Beacon Radio were shocked and disgusted at the sudden re-branding of the station's taglines and playlists, accusing the new management of reducing local content such as news reports and cancelling local shows in place of programming from the Mix Network, such as Late Night Love and The Request Fest, which originated from the Bristol studios.
1.824 seconds.