* Coluccio Salutati is appointed Chancellor of Florence.

* May 4 – Coluccio Salutati, Chancellor of Florence ( b. 1331 )

In 1374 Coluccio received an appointment in Florence and the following year was appointed Chancellor of Florence, the most important position in the bureaucracy of the Florentine Republic.

The deed itself is first reported by Coluccio Salutati ( died 1406 ), Chancellor of Florence, in his letter to King Tvrtko I of Bosnia ( r. 1353-1391 ), dated 20 October 1389, on behalf of the Florentine Senate.

He was made the Chancellor of Florence shortly before his death, by Cosimo, who was his best friend.

He was for some time professor of law in the University of Florence, and after the dismissal in 1456 from the Florentine chancellorship of the renowned humanist Poggio Bracciolini for incompetence and an interregnum of two years, Accolti himself became Chancellor of the Florentine Republic in 1458.

Another project was the triumphal arch wall tomb erected in Florence's church of Santa Croce for the historian and humanist scholar Leonardo Bruni ( d. 1444 ), who had served as the State Chancellor of Florence.

Filippo's chronicles were approved by the Chancellor of Florence, Coluccio Salutati, who made corrections to the work and added commentary.

The Chancellor of Florence, Marsilio Ficino commented on Plato ’ s Symposium ( 1474 – 75 ), while Girolamo Benivieni composed his Canzone d ’ amore ( 1486 ), which Pico della Mirandola analyzed soon after.

These comprise the University Company, which is headed by Mr. James Mageria and the University Council, headed by the Chancellor, Dr. Florence Muli-Musiime.

Many worked for the organized Church and were in holy orders ( like Petrarch ), while others were lawyers and chancellors of Italian cities, like Petrarch's disciple, Salutati, the Chancellor of Florence, and thus had access to book copying workshops.

Coluccio Salutati, Chancellor of Florence during the war

Humanist Chancellor of Florence Coluccio Salutati disseminated public letters urging the cities to rebel against the " tyrannical " and " corrupt " papal rule, instead urging a return to all ' antica Republicanism.

Dante studied under Florence's Chancellor Brunetto Latini, who was himself away from the battle scene, on embassy in Castile seeking help for Guelph Florence from Alfonso X el Sabio.

In addition, with the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819, Chancellor Prince Metternich and his secret police enforced censorship, mainly in universities, to keep a watch on the activities of professors and students, whom he held responsible for the spread of radical liberal ideas.

Dollfuss was concerned that with German National Socialist leader Adolf Hitler becoming Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Austrian National Socialists ( DNSAP ) could gain a significant minority in future elections ( according to fascism scholar Stanley G. Payne, should elections have been held in 1933, the DNSAP could have mustered about 25 % of the votes-contemporary TIME analysts suggests a higher support of 50 %, with a 75 % approval rate in the Tyrol region bordering Nazi Germany ).

Major was Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997 and held the posts of Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher.

She appointed Gardiner to the council and made him both Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor, offices he held until his death in November 1555.

As early as the thirteenth century, it was held that " the law of nature ... is the ground of all laws " and by the Chancellor and Judges that " it is required by the law of nature that every person, before he can be punish ’ d, ought to be present ; and if absent by contumacy, he ought to be summoned and make default .".

But he held the presidency of the Bundesrat, which met to discuss policy presented from the Chancellor ( whom the president appointed ).

In 1404, to demonstrate his seriousness as a ruler, Owain held court at Harlech and appointed Gruffydd Young as his Chancellor.

In 1987, Jenkins was elected to succeed Harold Macmillan as Chancellor of the University of Oxford following the latter's death ; he held this position until his death.

The steadfastness and courage with which More held on to his religious convictions in the face of ruin and death and the dignity with which he conducted himself during his imprisonment, trial, and execution, contributed much to More's posthumous reputation, particularly among Catholics, although his zealous persecution of Protestants while Lord Chancellor makes him a poor example for modern notions of religious liberty.

In 1762 the Earl of Bute appointed Dashwood his Chancellor of the Exchequer, despite Dashwood being widely held to be incapable of understanding " a bar bill of five figures ".

Men stood in the blaze of chimneys ; the roofs of factories were crowded ; colliers came up from the mines ; women held up their children on the banks that it might be said in after life that they had seen the Chancellor of the People go by.

* December 2 – The German federal election, the first election held since German reunification is won by Helmut Kohl, who becomes Chancellor of Germany.

In 1966, Wilson was created the first Chancellor of the newly created University of Bradford, a position he held until 1985.

Callaghan was the only Prime Minister to have held all three leading Cabinet positions – Chancellor of the Exchequer, Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary – prior to becoming Prime Minister.

The election was held in the shadow of conflict between the Polish nobility ( szlachta ), with the two opposing sides gathered around Chancellor Jan Zamoyski and the Zborowski family.

Downing Street in London, England has for over two hundred years housed the official residences of two of the most senior British Cabinet ministers: the First Lord of the Treasury, an office now synonymous with that of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and the Second Lord of the Treasury, an office held by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

The following month, the first all-German free elections since 1932 were held, resulting in an increased majority for the coalition government of Chancellor Helmut Kohl.

In April 2006 Tomsk received international media attention as the venue of a major summit on economic cooperation, held in the city between Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Angela Merkel.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all economic and financial matters.

He became Chancellor of England on 31 January 1410, an office he held until 5 January 1412 during a time when King Henry was having trouble with the clergy, and then returned to military matters.

He was considered for the leadership of his party ( which would have led to his becoming Prime Minister ) in 1963, and served for more than a decade in the office formerly held by his father, that of Lord Chancellor.

Macmillan was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in December 1955, after just eight months as Foreign Secretary, and held this role for just over a year.

Soon, only " Law Lords "— the Lord Chancellor and Lords who held judicial office — came to hear appeals.

Responsibility for running the University is held formally by the Chancellor, currently Dame Helen Alexander, and led at the executive level by the Vice-Chancellor, currently Don Nutbeam.

He initially took up politics as a career, and held important appointments under the Angelus emperors ( amongst them that of Grand Logothete or Chancellor ) and was governor of the theme of Philippopolis at a critical period.

The Abbey, which was the richest in Scotland, is most famous for its association with the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath, believed to have been drafted by Abbot Bernard, who was the Chancellor of Scotland under King Robert I.

The leading Peelite was William Ewart Gladstone, who was a reforming Chancellor of the Exchequer in most of these governments.

The agreement lasted from 1977 to 1978, but proved mostly fruitless, for two reasons: the Liberals ' key demand of proportional representation was rejected by most Labour MPs, whilst the contacts between Liberal spokespersons and Labour ministers often proved detrimental, such as between finance spokesperson John Pardoe and Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey, who were mutually antagonistic.

The period between Henry's accession and the birth of Eleanor's youngest son was turbulent: Aquitaine, as was the norm, defied the authority of Henry as Eleanor's husband ; attempts to claim Toulouse, the rightful inheritance of Eleanor's grandmother and father, were made, ending in failure ; the news of Louis of France's widowhood and remarriage was followed by the marriage of Henry's son ( young Henry ) to Louis ' daughter Marguerite ; and, most climactically, the feud between the King and Thomas Becket, his Chancellor, and later Archbishop of Canterbury.

Beginning with the replacement of the Reichsmark with the Deutsche Mark as legal tender, a lasting period of low inflation and rapid industrial growth was overseen by the government led by German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and his minister of economics, Ludwig Erhard, raising West Germany from total wartime devastation to one of the most developed nations in modern Europe.

A year later, the King appointed him First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Leader of the House of Commons making him the most powerful minister in the government.

In 1859, Lord Palmerston formed a new mixed government with Radicals included, and Gladstone again joined the government as Chancellor of the Exchequer ( with most of the other remaining Peelites ) to become part of the new Liberal Party.

This office was the Chancellor of the Exchequer's deputy and the most important job outside the Cabinet.

In common with most universities in the United Kingdom, Manchester Metropolitan University is headed formally by the Chancellor, currently Dianne Thompson CBE but led by the Vice-Chancellor, currently Professor John Brooks.

The commission comprised four of the most eminent people in the country: the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Lord Grenville, the Lord Chancellor Lord Erskine, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales Lord Ellenborough and the Home Secretary Lord Spencer.

The family's perhaps most prominent lineage comes from Norway, where at least three of his ancestors have been that country's leaders in a position comparable with a modern prime minister: in 16th century, his ancestor Nils Henriksson av Østråt ( Gyldenløve ) served as Lord High Steward of Norway and another ancestor, Vincents Vincentson Lunge, as Viceroy of the kingdom of Norway ; and then in 17th century, yet another ancestor, Jens Ovesonn Bjelke served as Lord High Chancellor of Norway, and was himself descended from king Haakon V of Norway ( the king and his forefathers thus also being Bildt's ancestors ) through his daughter Agnes Hakonardottir, Dame of Borgarsyssel.

Criticisms continued, the most famous being 17th century jurist John Selden's aphorism: ‘ Equity is a roguish thing: for law we have a measure, know what to trust to ; equity is according to the conscience of him that is Chancellor, and as that is larger or narrower, so is equity.

The Auberge de Castille was the official seat of the knights of the Langue of Castille, León and Portugal – one of the most powerful of the Order, its Head being the Grand Chancellor.

This position is regarded as one of the four most prestigious appointments in the Cabinet, alongside those of Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary.

The most recent occurrence was on 1 July 2005, when Chancellor Gerhard Schröder asked for a vote of confidence, which was defeated.

The Federal Chancellor ( also known more simply as the Chancellor ) is considered to be the most powerful position in Austrian politics, and as such is the nation's de facto chief executive.

In November 1991 the Private Finance Initiative was launched, and by November 1994 the Chancellor of the Exchequer had referred to it as ‘ the funding mechanism of choice for most public sector projects ’.

The most famous German advocate of " Realpolitik " was Otto von Bismarck, the First Chancellor ( 1862 – 1890 ) to Wilhelm I of the Kingdom of Prussia.

At most other universities in England, the Chancellor is the ceremonial head whilst the Vice-Chancellor is the chief academic.

Having the approval from the Cai Yuanpei, the Chancellor of the Peking University, Chen collected the writings of the students which he appreciated most, which especially included Li Dazhao ( 李大釗 ), Hu Shih ( 胡適 ), Lu Xun ( 鲁迅 ) and Qian Yuan ( 錢沅 ).

Some historians believe that author was John Russell, Bishop of Lincoln, who was Richard's Chancellor for most of his reign ( until Richard dismissed him on July 24, 1485 ) but who now wanted to please the new king Henry.

In December 1886, when Lord Randolph Churchill suddenly resigned as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Salisbury offered the position to Goschen, by far the most conservative of the leading Liberal Unionists.