Critics argue that the Charter presents the history of German people as starting from the expulsions, while ignoring events like Holocaust: professor Micha Brumlik pointed out that one third of signatories were former devoted Nazis and many actively helped in realisation of Hitler's goals ; Ralph Giordano wrote in Hamburger Abendblatt " the Charter doesn't contain a word about Hitler, Auschwitz and Buchenwald.

The tide started to turn when the Charter of the Nuremberg Trials of German Nazi leaders declared forced deportation of civilian populations to be both a war crime and a crime against humanity, and this opinion was progressively adopted and extended through the remainder of the century.

Some collectors may specialize in specific fields ( such as Nobel Prize winners ) or general topics ( military leaders participating in World War I ) or specific documents ( i. e., signers of the Charter of the United Nations ; signers of the U. S. Constitution ; signers of the Israeli Declaration of Independence ; signers of the Charter of the European Common Union ; signers of the World War II German or Japanese surrender documents ).

In a September 1941 speech, Churchill stated that the Charter was only meant to apply to states under German occupation, and certainly not to the peoples who formed part of the British Colonial Empire.

" An office of the Polish Government in Exile wrote to warn Władysław Sikorski that if the Charter was implemented with regards to national self-determination, it would make the desired Polish annexation of Danzig, East Prussia and parts of German Silesia impossible, which led the Poles to approach Britain asking for a flexible interpretation of the Charter.

A series of events during and after World War II exacerbated tensions, including the Soviet-German pact during the first two years of the war leading to subsequent invasions, the perceived delay of an amphibious invasion of German-occupied Europe, the western allies ' support of the Atlantic Charter, disagreement in wartime conferences over the fate of Eastern Europe, the Soviets ' creation of an Eastern Bloc of Soviet satellite states, western allies scrapping the Morgenthau Plan to support the rebuilding of German industry, and the Marshall Plan.

Low German has been recognised by the Netherlands and by Germany ( since 1999 ) as a regional language according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

Charter 77 originally appeared as a manifesto published in a West German newspaper that was signed by 243 Czechoslovak citizens representing various occupations, political viewpoints, and religions.

When the Treaty of London ( London Charter ) August 8, 1945 defined three types of crimes, war crimes, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity, it became evident that Finland couldn't be the only country fighting on the German side where leaders wouldn't be convicted.

The petition, known as the Baltic Appeal, was directed to the governments of the two German states, the USSR, signatories of the Atlantic Charter and the Secretary General of the UN ( Kurt Waldheim ).

The Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands () defined the association between the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.

Okemos () is an unincorporated community in Meridian Charter Township, Ingham County in the U. S. state of Michigan.

The Federal Charter or Letter of Alliance () documents the Eternal Alliance or League Of The Three Forest Cantons (), the union of three cantons in what is now central Switzerland.

The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms () is a statutory bill of rights and human rights code passed by the National Assembly of Quebec on June 27, 1975.

The Constitutional Charter of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro () came into force on 4 February 2003, and united Serbia and Montenegro under one government, the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, replacing the earlier Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

It was created by a deed which he signed on June 7, 1901, and it was incorporated by Royal Charter on August 21, 1902.

In August 1993, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin insisted on changes to the Charter as part of the Oslo Accords.

that nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and fair equality of opportunity have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or interference which can be traced back to the Atlantic Charter, signed on 14 August 1941, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, and Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom pledged The Eight Principal points of the Charter.

Taking its name from the historic county of Sussex, the university received its Royal Charter in August 1961.

The University was established as a company in 1959, with a Royal Charter being granted on 16 August 1961.

* August 29 – Ban Kulin writes The Charter of Kulin, which becomes a symbolic " birth certificate " of Bosnian language and statehood.

* August 1 – According to tradition, the Swiss Confederation is formed by Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden, the " three forest cantons ", at Rütli by the Federal Charter.

* The University of Sussex obtained a Royal Charter in 1961 ( 2 August 1961 )

The township became Avon Charter Township in August 1978.

In his letter of August 10, Gaitskell wrote: Lest there should be any doubt in your mind about my personal attitude, let me say that I could not regard an armed attack on Egypt by ourselves and the French as justified by anything which Nasser has done so far or as consistent with the Charter of the United Nations.

In 1958, a Trust was established with Sir Winston Churchill as its Chairman of Trustees, to build and endow a college for 60 fellows and 540 Students as a national and Commonwealth memorial to Winston Churchill ; its Royal Charter and Statutes were approved by the Queen, in August, 1960.

The Charter of the 8 August 1945, which established the Tribunal specified in Article 6 the offences to be tried.

** Resolution 505: Threats to the political independence and territorial integrity of China ( Republic of China ) and to the peace of the Far East, resulting from Soviet violations of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance of 14 August 1945 and from Soviet violations of the Charter of the United Nations

* Charles R. Drew Charter School opened in August 2000 as the first charter school in Atlanta, Georgia

The HAC can trace its history as far back as 1087, but it received a Royal Charter from Henry VIII on 25 August 1537, when Letters Patent were received by the Overseers of the Fraternity or Guild of St George authorising them to establish a perpetual corporation for the defence of the realm to be known as the Fraternity or Guild of Artillery of Longbows, Crossbows and Handgonnes.

The Atlantic Charter was a pivotal policy statement first issued in August 1941 that early in World War II defined the Allied goals for the post-war world.

The name " Atlantic Charter " is believed to have been first coined by the Daily Herald newspaper, but was used by Churchill in Parliament on 24 August 1941, and has since been generally adopted.

The organisation, which has since become simply “ the British Academy ”, was initiated as an unincorporated society on 17 December 1901, and received its Royal Charter from King Edward VII on 8 August 1902.

In August 2008, the draft version of the People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress, a government document intended to supplement the Constitution, recommended a change in the national anthem.

At an August 1990 meeting of the nation ’ s intellectuals convened by President Ramiz Alia, Berisha urged the Albanian Party of Labor ( APL ) to abolish the third article of the communist constitution which sanctioned that the Party of Labor had the hegemony of the Power, to recognize the Human Rights Charter, the drafting of a new democratic constitution, and to remove all monuments of Stalin in the country.

On 24 August 1948, Hyderabad formally asked the Secretary General of the new United Nations Organization for its Security Council, under Article 32 of the United Nations Charter, to consider the " grave dispute, which, unless settled in accordance with international law and justice, is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.

On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved.

On August 26, 1977, the PQ passed two main laws: first, the law on the financing of political parties, which prohibits contributions by corporations and unions and set a limit on individual donations, and second, the Charter of the French Language.

In Article 5 states: Immediate steps shall be taken in Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories, or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the peoples of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom, moreover on 15 December 1960 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 ( XV ) under titled Principles which should guide members in determining whether or nor an obligation exists to transmit the information called for under Article 73e of the United Nations Charter in Article 3 provided that nadequacy of political, economic, social or educational preparedness should never serve as a pretext for delaying independence.

Thereafter, by Resolution 35 / 55 of 5 December 1980, the UN General Assembly approved the establishment of the University for Peace by adopting the International Agreement for the Establishment of the University for Peace ( UPEACE ) along with the Charter of the University for Peace.

Gaston County has three charter schools: Highland Charter ( K – 5 ) and Piedmont Community Charter School ( K – 12 ) in Gastonia, and Mountain Island Charter School ( K – 8 ) in Mount Holly.

In 2008, he donated $ 3. 5 million to the De La Hoya Animo Charter High School.

To receive a Royal Charter, the organization must have corporate members who have at least first degree level in a relevant field, consist of 5, 000 members or more, be financially sound, and it must be in the public interest to regulate the institution under a charter.

The racial makeup of Charter Oak was 5, 602 ( 60. 2 %) White, 405 ( 4. 4 %) African American, 85 ( 0. 9 %) Native American, 1, 035 ( 11. 1 %) Asian, 18 ( 0. 2 %) Pacific Islander, 1, 693 ( 18. 2 %) from other races, and 472 ( 5. 1 %) from two or more races.

The charter middle school started in Chelmsford became a regional charter school ( Innovation Academy Charter School ) covering grades 5 through 12, now located in Tyngsborough.

On November 8, 2011, the voters approved a new City Charter that will change the City Council to a one branch ( unicameral ) body with 11 members-6 ward councilors and 5 councilors-at-large ; an event that provoked an emotional response from many Everett residents.

On June 5, 2006, the township board voted unanimously to approve a resolution for Niles Township to become Niles Charter Township.

The School received its Royal Charter on 5 June 1916 ; admitted its first batch of students on 18 January ; and was formally inaugurated by King George V in the presence of the Earl Curzon of Kedleston among other cabinet officials just a month later on 23 February 1917.

In 2005 the government of Premier Jean Charest decided not to renew the clause, abrogate Article 5 of the Public Education Act, modify Article 41 of the Quebec Charter of Rights and then eliminate the choice in moral and religious instruction that existed previously and, finally, impose a controversial new Ethics and religious culture curriculum to all schools, even the private ones.

Alexandria was formed by Royal Charter on March 5, 1765, from portions of Bethlehem Township, and was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798.

Exton is home to the offices of 21st Century Cyber Charter School, a statewide cyber school that is known for being the only cyber school to make Pennsylvania's AYP ( Adequate Yearly Progress ) benchmark 5 years in a row.

On November 5, 1974, the township adopted a Home Rule Charter ( here ) form of government that became effective January 5, 1976.

The process is governed by the Olympic Charter, as stated in Chapter 5, Rule 34.

The original Charter of Incorporation, dated 31 October 1838, was received in Birmingham on 1 November, then read in the Town Hall on 5 November with elections for the first Town Council being held on 26 December.

The Court cited Articles 104 and 2 ( 5 ) of the Charter, and noted that the members had granted the Organization the necessary legal authority to exercise its functions and fulfill its purposes as specified or implied in the Charter, and that they had agreed to give the United Nations every assistance in any action taken in accordance with the Charter.

On 1 January 1944 the Whitley and Monkseaton Urban District became the Whitley Bay Urban District and on 5 March 1954 it was granted its Royal Charter of Incorporation as the Borough of Whitley Bay.