Demonstration of a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was accomplished by Enrico Fermi and others, in the successful operation of Chicago Pile-1, the first artificial nuclear reactor, in late 1942.

Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954 ) was an Italian physicist, naturalized American later in his life, particularly known for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, Chicago Pile-1, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics.

The Fermis moved to Chicago in stages that year, and Enrico began studies that led to the construction of the first nuclear pile Chicago Pile-1.

The money was used in studies which led to the first nuclear reactor — Chicago Pile-1, a massive " atomic pile " of graphite bricks and uranium fuel which went critical on December 2, 1942.

In this case, the first experimental atomic reactors would have run away to a dangerous and messy " prompt critical reaction " before their operators could have manually shut them down ( for this reason, designer Enrico Fermi included radiation-counter-triggered control rods, suspended by electromagnets, which could automatically drop into the center of Chicago Pile-1 ).

Enrico Fermi created the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, called Chicago Pile-1 ( CP-1 ), in a racquets court below the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago on December 2, 1942.

File: Enrico Fermi 1943-49. jpg | Enrico Fermi ( 1901-1954 ): developed first nuclear reactor ( Chicago Pile-1 ), contributed to quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics, awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on induced radioactivity.

This built on work done by Fermi and his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1942 which created the world's first experimental nuclear reactor Chicago Pile-1 and the first sustained nuclear reaction on December 2, 1942.

The first experimental nuclear reactor had been developed and constructed by Enrico Fermi and his team of co-workers by the end of 1942 at the University of Chicago ( Chicago Pile-1 ), which proved that there were no obvious physical limitations to producing a slow-neutron nuclear chain reaction.

Code-named the " Metallurgical Lab ", the team constructed Chicago Pile-1, which achieved criticality on December 2, 1942, underneath the University of Chicago's Stagg football field stands.

* the Chicago Pile-1, the world's first artificial nuclear fission reactor.

* December 2-Chicago Pile-1, the first nuclear reactor, goes critical under the squash court of the University of Chicago, thanks to the efforts of Enrico Fermi, Leó Szilárd, and the rest of the Chicago pile team.

The new " reactor " is capable of splitting the thaum ( the basic particle of magic ), in homage to the Chicago Pile-1 nuclear reactor, which was housed in a rackets court at the University of Chicago.

Chicago Pile-1 ( CP-1 ) was the world's first human-made nuclear reactor.

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In quick succession, the laboratory designed and built Chicago Pile 3, the world's first heavy-water moderated reactor, and the Experimental Breeder Reactor I, built in Idaho, which lit a string of four light bulbs to produce the world's first nuclear-generated electricity in 1951.

Also known as a “ reactor trip ,” “ scram ” is actually an acronym for “ safety control rod axe man ,” the worker assigned to insert the emergency rod on the first reactor ( the Chicago Pile ) in the United States.

Articles from Oak Ridge National Laboratory ( ORNL ) indicate that the term stands for " safety cut rope axe man ", referring in that case to the early neutronic safety mechanism of using a person equipped with an axe to cut the rope suspending the control rods over the Chicago Pile nuclear reactor, at which point the rods would fall by gravity into the reactor core, shutting the reactor down.

Specifically, Wallace Koehler, a technician working for the Manhattan Project at Chicago Pile 1, under Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, and later a research physicist at ORNL, reportedly said that Enrico Fermi coined the term as this acronym.

Leona Marshall Libby, who was present that day at the Chicago Pile, recalled that the term was coined by Volney Wilson:

In its early stages, the reactor plant was referred to as Chicago Pile 4 ( CP-4 ) and Zinn's Infernal Pile.

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On December 2, 1942, Chicago Pile 1 ( CP-1 ) was ready for a demonstration.

* Chicago Pile 1 Pioneers

* Chicago Engineering Design Team, a robotics team

Kenny Rollins, an American basketball player who was a member of the University of Kentucky's " Fab Five " who won the 1948 NCAA Championship, the 1948 Gold Medal Winning U. S. Olympic Team, and the NBA's Chicago Stags and Boston Celtics.

* Ken Harrelson-Announcer for Chicago White Sox Major League Baseball Team

Glasco Athletic Club Team played teams from Chicago to Nome, Alaska

Kenny Rollins, an American basketball player who was a member of the University of Kentucky's " Fab Five " who won the 1948 NCAA Championship, the 1948 Gold Medal Winning U. S. Olympic Team, and the NBA's Chicago Stags and Boston Celtics.

* Maury Buford-punter for 1985 Chicago Bears Super Bowl Team.

In 2007, OK Go wrote the fight song for the Chicago Soccer Team, Chicago Fire S. C ..

* Carmen MacDonald, an NCAA goaltender, she was part of Canada's National Women's Under-18 Team to a gold medal at the 2010 IIHF World Women ’ s Under-18 Championship in Chicago.

He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Phoenix Coyotes, Philadelphia Flyers, Los Angeles Kings, and San Jose Sharks over the course of his 18 NHL season career and represented Team USA in numerous international tournaments.

In 2000, Fisk was elected to the Chicago White Sox All-Century Team.

After defeating Chicago Bliss in the Eastern Final ( one of the Semi-Finals which included a Skill Test, a 3-on-2 match and a dance competition ) they met again with Team Dream ( now named Los Angeles Temptation ) at the final of Lingerie Bowl II and lost.

In his first season with Chicago, he continued to score at his usual rate, tallying 64 points, and earned a spot on the Second NHL All-Star Team.

Salih Avci ( pronounced: aavji ) is one of the chief trainers of the SEK ( Spezialeinsatzkommandos, the special response units of the German state police forces ), MEK, ZUZ ( the SWAT unit of the German Customs Service, and GSG 9 ( the elite counter-terrorism and special operations unit of the German Federal Police ) in Germany as well as various other special forces ranging from the American Rapid Response Team ( RRT ) in Chicago to the special police of one of China's biggest provinces.

** NWA World Tag Team Championship ( Chicago version ) ( 1 time ) – with Edouard Carpentier

In 2003 Big Show Racing of Chicago Illinois, USA fielded an F4 750 in the Formula USA, Daytona International Speedway 200 Mile Team Challenge.

Schiller played for the University of Chicago team several times at the Pan American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship.

He was named to the Second All-Star Team that season, but was traded to the Chicago Black Hawks in exchange for Teddy Graham.

In March 2012, the Scholastic Bowl Team qualified for the IHSA State Meet in Peoria, IL by beating William Fremd High School in the Sectional Final at North Chicago High School.

Thorrington said that he considers his debut with Huddersfield Town as one of his favorite moments professionally along with his debuts with the U. S. National Team and the Chicago Fire.

Hodson turned pro in 1992 after signing with the Chicago Blackhawks and spent the 1992 – 93 season with both his Junior Team and the IHL's Indianapolis Ice, where he posted a 5 – 9 record.

With the Bears, Atkins was a First Team All-Pro selection in 1958, 1960, 1961, and 1963 ; along with being a starter in the Pro Bowl in eight of his last nine years with Chicago.

* Vicky Galindo, USA Softball Women's National Team and the Chicago Bandits of the National Pro Fastpitch league