The Cultural Revolution, motivated by power struggles within the Party and a fear of the Soviet Union, led to a major upheaval in Chinese society.

The Chinese Cultural Revolution as History.

Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution.

Since the radical movement of the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese government has become much more tolerant with the practice of traditional beliefs.

Yet, Chinese authorities found it necessary to follow that up with a new, albeit slightly milder, campaign as part of the Maoist “ Cultural Revolution ” of 1966-1968.

The party's organizational structure was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and rebuilt afterwards by Deng Xiaoping, who subsequently initiated " Socialism with Chinese characteristics " and brought all state apparatuses back under the rule of the CPC.

According to historian of Communism Archie Brown, the memory of the Cultural Revolution, where a form of mass political mobilization turned against the Party and resulted in chaotic destruction, may account for the reticence of educated Chinese to press for an end to one-party rule.

Inheriting a country fraught with social and institutional woes resulting from the Cultural Revolution and other mass political movements of the Mao era, Deng became the core of the " second generation " of Chinese leadership.

There was also considerable anxiety about the volatile situation in Indonesia, in which saw Sukarno was replaced by General Suharto, while the Chinese Communist Party launched the cataclysmic Cultural Revolution.

Replica constructed in 2005 at the Window of the World Cultural Park, in the Chinese cities of Changsha and Shenzhen

* 1977 – Chinese government removes a decade old ban on William Shakespeare's work, effectively ending the Cultural Revolution started in 1966.

By contrast, neighboring Chinese leader Mao Zedong was mostly ignored and Kim Il-sung rejected most of his policies such as the Hundred Flowers Campaign and ( later ) the Cultural Revolution.

Many New Left thinkers in the U. S. were influenced by the Vietnam War and the Chinese Cultural Revolution.

Some Chinese look back to the Cultural Revolution and fear chaos if the Communist Party should lose control due to domestic upheavals and so a robust system of monitoring and control is in place to counter the growing pressure for political change.

* Chinese Cultural Studies: Ethnography of China: Brief Guide at acc6. its. brooklyn. cuny. edu

After the Cultural Revolution devastated the ranks of intellectuals and legal professionals, it took until 1982 for the idea of individual rights to reemerge as a significant influence on Chinese law.

Despite its loss of influence during the Tang Dynasty, Confucianist doctrine remained a mainstream Chinese orthodoxy for two millennia until the 20th century, when it was attacked by radical Chinese thinkers as a vanguard of a pre-modern system and an obstacle to China's modernization, eventually culminating in its repression during the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China.

Cultural extensions of the traditional circus style include: Chinese circus — using mainly rings and badminton racquets, fantastic costumes, concentrating on numbers juggling ; Russian folk — colourful costumes and characters, unique props with acrobatics.

Vancouver's Chinatown contains numerous galleries, shops, restaurants, and markets, in addition to the Chinese Cultural Centre and the Dr. Sun Yat Sen Classical Chinese Garden and park ; the garden is the first and one of the largest Ming era-style Chinese gardens outside China.

Chinese author Dai Sijie published Balzac et la Petite Tailleuse Chinoise ( Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress )( 2000 ), in which a suitcase filled with novels helps to sustain city youths sent to the countryside for " re-education " during the Chinese Cultural Revolution.

These ideals appeal to the Chinese ; they largely caused the Revolution, and they largely determined its peaceful character.

15: The People's Republic, Part 2: Revolutions within the Chinese Revolution, 1966-1982.

15: The People's Republic, Part 2: Revolutions within the Chinese Revolution, 1966-1982.

Legalism as a coherent philosophy disappeared largely due to its relationship with the unpopular authoritarian rule of Qin Shi Huang, however, many of its ideas and institutions would continue to influence Chinese philosophy until the end of Imperial rule during the Xinhai Revolution.

Sun later led the Chinese Revolution ( 1911 ), which changed China from an empire to a republic.

In contrast, Stalin and allies proposed that alliances with capitalist political parties were essential to realising a revolution where Communists were too few ; said Stalinist practice failed, especially in the Northern Expedition portion of the Chinese Revolution ( 1925 – 1927 ), wherein it resulted in the right-wing Kuomintang ’ s massacre of the Chinese Communist Party ; nonetheless, despite the failure, Stalin ’ s policy of mixed-ideology political alliances, became Comintern policy.

Born the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao adopted a Chinese nationalist and anti-imperialist outlook in early life, particularly influenced by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Movement of 1919.

Later that year, the Chinese armed forces, inspired by the republican ideas of Sun, rose up in insurrection against the Emperor across southern China, sparking the Xinhai Revolution.

* 1931 – The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed on the anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution.

Although the Chinese invented gunpowder, and firearms had been in continual use in Chinese warfare since as far back as the Song Dynasty, the advent of modern weaponry resulting from the European Industrial Revolution had rendered China's traditionally trained and equipped army and navy obsolete.

* " Chinese food in America History " ( The Food Timeline )

A History of Chinese Civilization ( 1996 ), called the best one-volume survey ;

The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History.

Warfare in Chinese History.

* Wills, Jr., John E. Mountain of Fame: Portraits in Chinese History ( 1994 ) excerpt and text search 20 essays on leading figures across 4000 years

" Reflections on the ' New Qing History ' School in the United States ," Chinese Studies in History, Winter 2009 / 2010, Vol.

A History of the Modern Chinese Army ( 2007 )

Sediments of Time: Environment and Society in Chinese History.

Chinese History in Economic Perspective, University of California Press, 1992 complete text online free

Chinese Workers: A New History.

" Chinese History: A Useful Category of Gender Analysis ," American Historical Review, Dec 2008, Vol.

From Yao to Mao: 5000 Years of Chinese History.

The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History.

* Chinese Siege Warfare-Mechanical Artillery and Siege Weapons of Antiquity-An Illustrated History bought to you by History Forum

* China Rediscovers its Own History 100 minute lecture on Chinese history given by renowned scholar / author Yu Ying-shih, Emeritus Professor of East Asian Studies and History at Princeton University.

* History Forum-Discuss Chinese history at History Forum's Asian History section

* History of Chinese cuisine

The Classic of History, one of the Five Classics of Chinese classic texts is one of the earliest narratives of China.