* October – Victorio, Chiricahua Apache chief

18th century ( Ch – Chiricahua, WA – Western Apache, N – Navajo people | Navajo, M – Mescalero, J – Jicarilla, L – Lipan Apache people | Lipan, Pl – Plains Apache

Chiricahua ( ) are a group of Apache Native Americans who live in the Southwest United States.

Today two branches of the tribe are federally recognized as independent units: the Fort Sill Apache Tribe, located near Apache, Oklahoma ; and the Chiricahua tribe located on the Mescalero Apache reservation near Ruidoso, New Mexico.

The Navajo, a group distinct from the Western Apache although related in language, call the Chiricahua Chíshí.

Several loosely affiliated bands of Apache came to be known as the Chiricahua.

The US established a Chiricahua Apache Reservation with Jeffords as US Agent, near Fort Bowie, Arizona Territory.

In 1877, about three years after Cochise's death, the US moved the Chiricahua and some other Apache bands to the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, still in Arizona.

From Bowie Station, Arizona, they were entrained, along with most of the other remaining Chiricahua ( as well as the Army's Apache scouts ), and exiled to Fort Marion, Florida.

A group of Chiricahua ( aka the Nameless Ones or Bronco Apache ) who were not captured by U. S. forces refused to surrender.

Hattie Tom, Chiricahua Apache

* Chíhéne or Chííhénee ’ ' Red Paint People ' ( also known as the Eastern Chiricahua, Warm Springs Apache, Gileños, Ojo Caliente Apache, Coppermine Apache, Copper Mine, Mimbreños, Mimbres, Mogollones, Tcihende ),

* Ch ’ úk ’ ánéń or Ch ’ uuk ’ anén ( also known as the Central Chiricahua, Ch ’ ók ’ ánéń, Cochise Apache, Chiricahua proper, Chiricaguis, Tcokanene ), or the Sunrise People ;

* Ndé ’ indaaí or Nédnaa ’ í ' Enemy People ' known as the Southern Chiricahua, Chiricahua proper, Pinery Apache, Ne ’ na ’ i ), or " those ahead at the end ".

Today they use the word Chidikáágu ( derived from the Spanish word Chiricahua ) to refer to the Chiricahua in general, and the word Indé, to refer to the Apache in general.

Today, all are commonly referred to as Chiricahua, but they were not historically a single band.

The bands that are grouped under the Chiricahua term today had much history together: they intermarried and lived alongside each other, and they also occasionally fought with each other.

Today, the Chiricahua are preserving their culture as much as possible, while forging new relationships with the peoples around them.

The Chiricahua are a living and vibrant culture, a part of the greater American whole and yet distinct based on their history and culture.

Other outdoor sightseeing and recreational opportunities that are nearby include the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, the Coronado National Memorial in the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise Stronghold in the Dragoon Mountains, Chiricahua National Monument, Madera Canyon, Kartchner Caverns State Park, Parker Canyon Lake, and Patagonia Lake State Park.

The other Chiricahua are enrolled in the Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, headquartered in Apache, Oklahoma.

* Chiricahua are one of the seven major Apachean groups, ranging in southeastern Arizona.

Chiricahua cousins are not distinguished from siblings through kinship terms.

Other species are used on a smaller scale, e. g. the whitestar potato ( I. lacunosa ) traditionally eaten by some Native Americans, such as the Chiricahua Apaches, or the Australian bush potato ( I. costata ).

The Chiricahua Mountains are a mountain range in southeastern Arizona which are part of the Basin and Range province of the southwest, and part of the Coronado National Forest.

The Pedregosa Mountains are found at the southern end of the Chiricahua Mountains, while the Swisshelm Mountains are located to the southwest.

The earliest evidence of human's in the vicinity of the Chiricahua Mountains are Clovis archeological sites such as Double Adobe Site in the Whitewater Draw tributary of Rucker Creek north of Douglas.

The Chiricahua Mountains are an uplifted structural block of the Basin and Range.

These natural features, preserved in the Chiricahua National Monument, are composed of Rhyolite Canyon Tuff.

The Chiricahua Mountains are a bio-diverse area which are composed of numerous sky islands.

Five of the 9 life zones are found in the Chiricahua Mountains.

Three hundred and seventy-five avian species have been recorded from the Chiricahua Mountains ; some are largely Mexican species for which southern Arizona is the northern limits of their ranges.

These ranges are the Chiricahua, Dragoon, and Peloncillo Mountains.

The major Madrean " sky island " ranges in Arizona are the Dragoon Mountains, Chiricahua Mountains, Pinaleño Mountains, Santa Catalina Mountains, Rincon Mountains, Santa Rita Mountains and Tumacacori Highlands.

* Chukunen ( also known as the Chiricahua band, Chokonende ),

** Chíshí ( also Tchishi ) is a Navajo word meaning " Chiricahua, southern Apaches in general ".

* Ch ’ úúkʾanén ( also Č ’ ók ’ ánéń, Č ’ ó · k ’ anén, Chokonni, Cho-kon-nen, Cho Kŭnĕ ́, Chokonen ) refers to the Eastern Chiricahua band identified by Morris Opler.

Later they used the term to refer to the Coyotero, Mogollon, Tonto, Mimbreño, Pinaleño, and Chiricahua, as well as the non-Apachean Yavapai ( then also known as Garroteros or Yabipais Gileños ).

His female Chiricahua relatives through marriage also avoided him.

Hunting was done primarily by men, although there were sometimes exceptions depending on animal and culture ( e. g. Lipan women could help in hunting rabbits and Chiricahua boys were also allowed to hunt rabbits ).

The most important plant food used by the Chiricahua was the Century plant ( also known as mescal or agave ).

They would also sometimes used a severed Chiricahua hand to stir their beverages in drinking vessels made from gourd or clay with as a further symbolic act of humiliation towards their defeated Chiricahua aggressors in the presence of their surviving captors.

Mescalero-Chiricahua ( also known as Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache ) is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Mescalero and Chiricahua tribes in Oklahoma and New Mexico.

Massai ( also known as: Massa, Massi, Masai, Wasse or Massey ; c. 1847-1906, 1911 ) was a member of the Mimbres / Mimbreños local group of the Chihenne band of the Chiricahua Apache.

Juh ( also known as Ju, Ho, Whoa, and sometimes Who ; c. 1825 – November 1883 ) was a warrior and leader of the Janeros local group of the Ndéndai ( or Nednhi ) band of the Chiricahua Apache.

It belongs to the Athabaskan language family, which also include the Navajo and Chiricahua of the south, and the Dene Suline and Tłı ̨ chǫ of the north.

It is also followed by the Chiricahua group of the Western Apache, who are Athabaskan speaking, as is levirate marriage.