The historian Walter Goffart says of Bede that he " holds a privileged and unrivalled place among first historians of Christian Europe ".

He also knew Orosius's Adversus Paganus, and Gregory of Tours ' Historia Francorum, both Christian histories, as well as the work of Eutropius, a pagan historian.

The Jewish historian Josephus speaks of there being 22 books in the canon of the Hebrew Bible, a Jewish tradition reported also by the Christian bishop Athanasius.

The only early Arab historian who mentions the Druze is the 11th century Christian scholar Yahya of Antioch, who clearly refers to the heretical group created by ad-Darazī rather than the followers of Hamza ibn ' Alī.

* Eusebius of Caesarea ( c. 263 – c. 339 ), early Christian bishop and historian.

Eusebius ( c. AD 263 – 339 ) ( also called Eusebius of Caesarea and Eusebius Pamphili ) was a Roman historian, exegete and Christian polemicist.

In the 5th century, the Christian historian Socrates Scholasticus described Eusebius as writing for “ rhetorical finish ” and for the “ praises of the Emperor ” rather than the “ accurate statement of facts .” The methods of Eusebius were criticised by Edward Gibbon in the 18th century.

In the 19th century Jacob Burckhardt viewed Eusebius as ' a liar ', the “ first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity .” Ramsay MacMullen in the 20th century regarded Eusebius's work as representative of early Christian historical accounts in which “ Hostile writings and discarded views were not recopied or passed on, or they were actively suppressed ..., matters discreditable to the faith were to be consigned to silence .” As a consequence this kind of methodology in MacMullens view has distorted modern attempts, ( e. g. Harnack, Nock, and Brady ), to describe how the Church grew in the early centuries.

* Averil Cameron ( professor at King's College and Oxford ) and Stuart Hall ( historian and theologian ), in their recent translation of the Life of Constantine, point out that writers such as Burckhardt found it necessary to attack Eusebius in order to undermine the ideological legitimacy of the Habsburg empire, which based itself on the idea of Christian empire derived from Constantine, and that the most controversial letter in the Life has since been found among the papyri of Egypt.

Gary Kilgore North ( born February 1942 ) is an economic historian and publisher who prolifically writes on topics including economics, history, and Christian theology.

The fifth century Christian historian Sozomen claimed that the relics of Habakkuk were found at Cela, when God revealed their location to Zebennus, bishop of Eleutheropolis, in a dream.

In 1985 Classical historian Georg Luck, in his Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds, theorised that the origins of the Witch-cult may have appeared in late antiquity as a faith primarily designed to worship the Horned God, stemming from the merging of Cernunnos, a horned god of the Celts, with the Greco-Roman Pan / Faunus, a combination of gods which he posits created a new deity, around which the remaining pagans, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of the Devil, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches.

Saint Jerome ( c. 347 – 30 September 420 ; ( also Hierom or Jerom ) (; ) was a Roman Christian priest, confessor, theologian and historian, and who became a Doctor of the Church.

The earliest secure reference to this passage is found in the writings of the fourth-century Christian apologist and historian Eusebius, who used Josephus ' works extensively as a source for his own Historia Ecclesiastica.

According to the Christian historian Sozomen, Libanius was supposed to have said on his deathbed that John would have been his successor " if the Christians had not taken him from us ".

The historian N. J. Higham connects the timing of this episode with a change in the " overkingship " from the Christian Kentish Æthelberht to the pagan East Anglian Raedwald, which Higham feels happened after Æthelberht's death.

At Göttingen at almost the same moment, the Classical historian Christian Gottlob Heyne, working from one of these prints, made a new Latin translation of the Greek text that was more reliable than Ameilhon's.

Sextus Julius Africanus ( c. 160 – c. 240 ) was a Christian traveller and historian of the late 2nd and early 3rd century AD.

However, the unlikelihood that the reputable historian Bede invented Ninian without some basis in the historical record, combined with an increased knowledge of Ireland's early saints and Whithorn's early Christian connections, has led to serious scholarly efforts to find Bede's basis.

In an interview with Richardson in 1979, Danish historian Mikael Venge, author of the article about Christian II in Dansk Biografisk Leksikon said: " I think you ought to protest the next time the Swedish radio claims anything so utterly unfounded that could be understood as if the Danes approved of the Stockholm bloodbath.

Among medieval Christian theologians, Trajan was considered a virtuous pagan, while the 18th century historian Edward Gibbon popularized the notion of the Five Good Emperors, of which Trajan was the second.

Tertullian's writings cover the whole theological field of the time — apologetics against paganism and Judaism, polemics, polity, discipline, and morals, or the whole reorganization of human life on a Christian basis ; they gave a picture of the religious life and thought of the time which is of the greatest interest to the church historian.

German historian Christian Gerlach sees in Heydrich's postponement the exploitation of an opportunity to broaden the original objective.

* Sozomen, Christian church historian

Beyond notices in his extant writings, the major sources are the 5th-century ecclesiastical historians Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret, and the 4th-century Christian author Jerome.

Socrates of Constantinople, also known as Socrates Scholasticus, not to be confused with the Classical Greek philosopher Socrates, was a Greek Christian church historian, a contemporary of Sozomen and Theodoret, who used his work ; he was born at Constantinople c. 380: the date of his death is unknown.

The contemporary historians Sozomen and Theodoret were combined with Socrates in a sixth-century compilation, which has obscured their differences until recently, when their individual portrayals of the series of Christian emperors were distinguished one from another and contrasted by Hartmut Leppin, Von Constantin dem Großen zu Theodosius II ( Göttingen 1996 ).

Six years later, in October 1769, Lavater sent Mendelssohn his German translation of Charles Bonnet's essay on Christian Evidences, with a preface where he publicly challenged Mendelssohn to refute Bonnet or if he could not then to " do what wisdom, the love of truth and honesty must bid him, what a Socrates would have done if he had read the book and found it unanswerable ".

According to the historian Socrates of Constantinople, it was introduced into Christian worship by Ignatius of Antioch ( died 107 ) who, in a vision, had seen angels singing in alternating choirs.

Das manichäische Religionssystem (" The Manichaean religious system ") appeared in 1831, Apollonius von Tyana in 1832, Die christliche Gnosis (" Christian Gnosis ") in 1835, and Über das Christliche im Platonismus oder Socrates und Christus (" On Christianity in Platonism: Socrates and Christ ") in 1837.

* Stephen, one of the pair of Christian saints and martyrs Socrates and Stephen

Bruce Campbell plays Brisco, who is joined by a colorful group of supporting characters, including Julius Carry as fellow bounty hunter Lord Bowler and Christian Clemenson as stick-in-the-mud lawyer Socrates Poole.

The Westerfield Club's timid lawyer, Socrates Poole ( Christian Clemenson ) relays instructions and financial support to Brisco.

Early uses of the term ( in the first sense ) include Plato's Apology ( the defense speech of Socrates from his trial ) and some works of early Christian apologists, such as St. Justin Martyr's two Apologies addressed to the emperor Antoninus Pius and the Roman Senate.

According to post-Nicene historians such as Socrates Scholasticus, the Empress Helena, mother of Constantine, the first Christian Emperor of Rome, travelled to the Holy Land in 326-28, founding churches and establishing relief agencies for the poor.

Socrates of Constantinople believed that Arius was influenced in his thinking by the teachings of Lucian of Antioch, a celebrated Christian teacher and martyr.

* Chestnut, Glenn F. The First Christian Histories: Eusibius, Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret and Evagrius.

She became a patron to the faction of the Christian Church accepting the Nicene Creed and she is reported by Socrates of Constantinople to be financing nighttime anti-Arian processions in Constantinople.

The Christian tradition of Mani is based on Socrates of Constantinople, a historian writing in the 5th century.

Augustine and the 5th-century ecclesiastical historian Socrates of Constantinople, assert that Porphyry was once a Christian.

According to the account, Socrates was born a Christian in Samarqand and went to Greece to serve Iskandar Dhūl-Qarnayn ( Iskandar Rūmi ).

According to the historian Socrates, its introduction into Christian worship was due to Ignatius of Antioch ( died 107 ), who in a vision had seen the angels singing in alternate choirs.

* A. C. Zenos, ed., " The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus ", in A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church.

* Christian martyrs Socrates and Stephen