When they entered Italy, some Lombards retained their native form paganism, while some were Arian Christians.

He also strengthened his support among the Christians of Italy by allowing them to elect a new Bishop of Rome, Eusebius.

The following centuries saw the Muslims successful in conquering Sicily and parts of southern Italy from the Christians.

* 637-Lombards, a German people living in northern Italy, become Christians

* A third sub-group, known as Spanish and Portuguese Jews, consists of Jews whose families remained in Spain and Portugal as ostensible Christians, and later reverted to Judaism in Italy, the Netherlands, Northern Germany, England or the New World.

He was the leader who expelled the Muslim Moors from Southern Italy, which was welcomed by the native Christians.

As a pagan with no interest in Christian doctrinal issues, wishing only to restore order, Aurelian relied on the judgment of the bishops of Italy, whom he considered the most impartial among the Christians.

Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands had centers where the Messianic movement was followed, and the Jews of Hamburg and Amsterdam heard about the events in Smyrna from trustworthy Christians.

* Social Christians ( Italy )

Concerning liturgical reforms, Emperor Otto I already emphasized the need for a reform of monasticism in Southern Italy and to abandon local liturgies in favour of the Roman rite, a kind of second Carolingian reform, and he already wished to " liberate " Arab Sicily and to organize church provinces of the island which was mainly populated by Muslims and by a Greek Christians.

Under Norman rule the Jews of southern Italy and of Sicily enjoyed even greater freedom ; they were considered the equals of the Christians, and were permitted to follow any career ; they even had jurisdiction over their own affairs.

The later Catholic missionaries from France, USA, Canada, and Italy did not follow the Portuguese in naming the new Christians.

After the Ottoman Empire and Italy began to fight over the province of Libya in 1911, Naum like other Christians in the region felt a backlash from the Muslim community and in 1912, he fled to United States, where he began to write for the newspaper Intibah ܐܢܬܒܗ ( Cirutho ܥܝܪܘܬܐ, in English: Awakening ), published by Gabriel Boyaji from 1909-1915.

* Comrades and Christians: Religion and Political Struggle in Communist Italy.

Today, the Milanese Apostolic Church has a Patriarch ruling the Church of Lombardia, and spiritual overseer of those Ambrosian Christians in Eastern Europe through the Archdiocese of Venice ( NE Italy, Austria ) Diocese of Dalmatia ( see in Ragusa, jurisdiction over Balkans and Greece ) and the West: Archdiocese of Turin ( jurisdiction on NW Italy, Switzerland ) Diocese of Ravenna ( rest of Italy ), Diocese of Lyon ( France ) and the expatriates ( Vicariate of the South America, with see in São Paulo ).

The World Day of Prayer for Peace, with a meeting in Assisi, Italy, in 1986, in which the Pope prayed only with the Christians,

Social Christians ( Cristiano Sociali, CS ) is a Christian social-democratic faction within the Democratic Party, a political party in Italy.

Today Risan is a small port with roughly 2000 inhabitants ( in 1900: around 5000 inhabitants ; of them 80 % Orthodox Christians, 20 % Catholics ) where logs from the vast virgin forests of the Bijela gora are shipped mostly to Italy.

In Italy in 2006 there were 53 million of Christians, 4 million Atheists and Agnostics, 1, 210, 00 Muslims, 160, 000 Buddhists, 115, 000 Hinduists, 70, 000 Sikhs, 45, 000 Hebrews, 15, 000 Pagans.

On the other hand, in Italy they ran the risk of prosecution for Judaizing, given that in law they were baptized Christians ; for this reason they generally avoided the Papal States.

Barnes notes that Galerius's legislation only brought to the East rights Christians already possessed in Italy and Africa.

* Possibility of apostasy – Wesley fully accepted the Arminian view that genuine Christians could apostatize and lose their salvation, as his famous sermon " A Call to Backsliders " clearly demonstrates.

* Christian perfection – According to Wesley's teaching, Christians could attain a state of practical perfection, meaning a lack of all voluntary sin by the empowerment of the Holy Spirit, in this life.

Many of the population of the Western hemisphere could broadly be described as cultural Christians, due to the predominance of the Christian faith in Western culture, as well as widely celebrated religious holidays such as Easter and Christmas.

According to Jean Daniélou, this schema is inherited from a Judaeo-Christian esotericism, followed by the Apostles, which was only imparted orally to those Christians who could be trusted which such mysteries.

Therefore the Knights could only wage a defensive war if pagans violated natural rights of the Christians.

* The beginning of the nine-day celebration beginning December 16 and ending December 24, celebrating the trials which Mary and Joseph endured before finding a place to stay where Jesus could be born ( Christians of Spanish-origin ):

Rhetorically Eusebius records the Oracle as saying " The just on Earth ..." These impious, Diocletian was informed by members of the court, could only refer to the Christians of the Empire.

Deism became more prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries during the Age of Enlightenment — especially in Britain, France, Germany and America — among intellectuals raised as Christians who believed in one God, but found they could not believe in supernatural events such as miracles, the inerrancy of scriptures, or the Trinity.

It thus could have been written anywhere in the Empire where Christians spoke Greek.

The central dispute in the letter concerns the question of how Gentiles could convert to Christianity, which shows that this letter was written at a very early stage in church history, when the vast majority of Christians were Jewish or Jewish proselytes, which historians refer to as the Jewish Christians.

Shimazu Takahisa ( 1514 – 1571 ), daimyo of Satsuma, gave a friendly reception to Francis on 29 September 1549, but in the following year he forbade the conversion of his subjects to Christianity under penalty of death ; Christians in Kagoshima could not be given any catechism in the following years.

* Glossolalists could, apart from those practicing glossolalia, also mean all those Christians who believe that the Pentecostal / charismatic glossolalia practiced today is the " speaking in tongues " described in the New Testament.

Modern Orthodox Judaism developed in reaction to Reform Judaism, by leaders who argued that Jews could participate in public life as citizens equal to Christians, while maintaining the observance of Jewish law.

Setzer states that the passage indicates that Josephus, a Jewish historian writing towards the end of the first century, could use a neutral tone towards Christians, with some tones of sympathy, implying that they may be worthy of Roman protection.

He opposed them with rigorous edicts, but yet could not prevent hostilities towards Christians from taking place in Samaria toward the close of his reign.

Much of the population, swollen with refugees fleeing Saladin's conquest of the surrounding territory, was allowed to flee to Tyre, Tripoli, or Egypt ( whence they were sent back to Europe ), but those who could not pay for their freedom were sold into slavery, and those who could were often robbed by Christians and Muslims alike on their way into exile.

However, Muslim politicians were also worried that a strong army could be used against Muslim interests because it would be commanded by Christians.

The phrase could just as easily be used to differentiate between those Christians who strictly observed the rituals of Judaism and those who did not.

In contrast, they called themselves " true Spiritual Christians ", rather than " milk-drinkers ", because they could not accept the Russian Orthodox Church, nor the Protestant sects or the Catholic Church.

According to him, Christians could lift it, but Jews could not, since it disallowed them from dragging it outside.

Pope Adrian IV's conditions for a union between the eastern and western church included recognition of his religious authority over Christians everywhere, and the Emperor's recognition of his secular authority ; neither East nor West could accept such conditions.

Some Christians believed that the resurrection of the dead on judgement day requires that the body be buried whole facing east so that the body could rise facing God.