These two parties later merged as the Commonwealth Liberal Party.

< tr bgcolor ="# DDEEFF ">< td > — < td > Sir Elliott Lewis < td > Commonwealth Liberal < td > 27 October 1909 < td > 14 June 1912

< tr bgcolor ="# DDEEFF ">< td > 23 < td > Albert Solomon < td > Commonwealth Liberal < td > 14 June 1912 < td > 6 April 1914

< tr bgcolor ="# DDEEFF ">< td > 24 < td > Walter Lee < td > Commonwealth Liberal, Nationalist < td > 15 April 1916 < td > 12 August 1922

Partisan differences began to sharpen on the question of government intervention in the economy, since lower levels of government were largely in Liberal hands, and protest movements were beginning to send their own parties into the political mainstream, notably the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and William Aberhart's Social Credit Party in Alberta.

It was formed on 17 February 1917 from a merger between the conservative Commonwealth Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the name given to the pro-conscription defectors from the Australian Labor Party led by Prime Minister Billy Hughes.

Hughes and his followers formed a minority Government ( briefly using the title " National Labor "), with support from Cook and his Commonwealth Liberal Party.

Despite the name change, most former Progressive supporters continued to support the Liberal Party or the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, and Bracken's leadership of the Conservative Party came to an end in 1948.

Confronted by the rising Australian Labor Party in 1909, he merged his Protectionist Party with Joseph Cook's Anti-Socialist Party to create the Commonwealth Liberal Party ( known commonly as the Fusion ), the main ancestor of the modern Liberal Party of Australia.

National Labor merged with the Commonwealth Liberal Party to form the Nationalist Party.

Hughes was forced to conclude a confidence and supply agreement with the opposition Commonwealth Liberal Party in order to stay in office.

In the 20th century, however, the Liberal Party adopted more elements of European reform liberalism and co-opted elements of the social-democratic Progressive Party of Canada, and Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.

However, a legal challenge, backed by the Liberal opposition and business interests generally, was successful and in December 1945, the High Court ruled that the Commonwealth did not have the power to prevent the issue of airline licenses to private companies.

Stewart's preference for public over private ownership extended to King's planned creation of the Bank of Canada ; Stewart wanted the new institution entirely under the control of the government, but King preferred an arrangement whereby half of its directors would be appointed by the government and half by private shareholders and suggested that advocates of public ownership might find themselves more at home in the socialist Cooperative Commonwealth Federation than in his Liberal caucus.

In 1908, when Deakin proposed the Commonwealth Liberal Party, a " Fusion " of the two non-Labor parties, Reid stood aside from the leadership.

Commencing with the 1952 provincial election, the province used an alternative vote system that had been designed to enable the Conservative and Liberal parties to keep the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation out of power.

For the Australian Liberal and National parties, and for all parties in the UK and the Republic of Ireland ( not a Commonwealth country ), the usual term is " parliamentary party ".

The historical Conservative Party identified strongly with the British Empire and aimed instead to model Canadian political institutions after British ones opposing the policies of the Liberal Party which favoured Canadian nationalism and political independence from Britain as well as economically continentalist policies such as free trade and further integration with the United States rather than greater political and economic ties with the British Empire and later the Commonwealth.

As a result of western alienation both the dominant Conservative and Liberal parties were challenged in the west by the rise of a number of protest parties including the Progressive Party of Canada, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ), the Reconstruction Party of Canada and the Social Credit Party of Canada.

Liberal Member of Parliament Eugène Marquis in 1945 tabled a motion in the House of Commons proposing that a change to the King's title be a subject of discussion at the next Commonwealth Prime Ministers ' Conference ; Marquis suggested that the title include each of the King's dominions, giving him the designation King of Canada.

During Australia's first federal election in 1901, Cook was elected unopposed to the federal seat of Parramatta, and served as the deputy to Reid, then Alfred Deakin, following the creation of the Commonwealth Liberal Party from Cook's and Deakin's parties.

When Reid retired from the party leadership in 1908, Cook agreed to merge the Anti-Socialist Party ( the Free Trade Party was renamed prior to the 1906 federal election ) with Alfred Deakin's Protectionists, and became deputy leader of the new Commonwealth Liberal Party.

Category: Commonwealth Liberal Party politicians

Reid retired in 1908, with the party leadership passed to Joseph Cook, who agreed to merge with the Protectionists to become the Commonwealth Liberal Party in 1909.

This type of farmer-labour co-operation became common throughout Western Canada, leading to the creation of the short-lived Progressive Party of Canada in the 1920s, and the more durable Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( Farmer-Labour-Socialist ) in Calgary, Alberta, in 1935, precursor to Canada's modern-day social democratic party, the New Democratic Party.

National Party government in 1948, which instituted apartheid, and South Africa's withdrawal from the Commonwealth in 1961, ended any prospect of incorporation of the territories into South Africa.

Industrial Cape Breton has historically been a region of labour activism, electing Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( and later NDP ) MPs, and even produced many early members of the Communist Party of Canada in the pre-World War II era.

* 1961 – The New Democratic Party of Canada is founded by the merger of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and the Canadian Labour Congress.

Another option circulated within the party saw the balance of power to be held by either the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) and their 25 seats or Social Credit Party of Canada with their 15.

Another example would be the former Soviet Union where only members of the Communist Party were allowed to vote or hold office ; the French First Republic government under the Directory ; and the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth ( only the nobility could vote ).

In August 1977, the Chairman of the Democratic Party of Puerto Rico, Franklin Delano López, testified before the UN Decolonization Committee denouncing the colonial nature of the Commonwealth Status.

In Canada, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, the precursor to the New Democratic Party, had some significant success in provincial politics.

** The New Democratic Party of Canada is founded with the merger of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) and the Canadian Labour Congress.

In December 1916 the Commonwealth government led by Labour Party renegade Billy Hughes declared the IWW an illegal organization under the Unlawful Associations Act.

Race had already been established as a premise for exclusion among the colonial parliaments, so the main question for debate was who exactly the new Commonwealth ought to exclude, with the Labor Party rejecting Britain's calls to placate the populations of its non-white colonies and allow " aboriginal natives of Asia, Africa, or the islands thereof ".

Both the Puerto Rican Independence Party and the New Progressive Party reject Commonwealth status.

Woodsworth went on to found the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, forerunner of the New Democratic Party.

The British Cooperative Party, the Canadian Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and United Farmers of Alberta are prime examples of such arrangements.

In Alberta, the CLP survived until 1942, in alliance with the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation after 1935.

The one exception to this rule appears to have been in Alberta, where the local CLP survived long enough to federate with the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) in 1935.

Along with the Bill of Rights 1689, it remains today one of the main constitutional laws governing the succession to not only the throne of the United Kingdom, but, following British colonialism, the resultant doctrine of reception, and independence, also to those of the other Commonwealth realms, whether by willing deference to the act as a British statute or as a patriated part of the particular realm's constitution.

The Bahamas has a few notable industrial firms: the Freeport pharmaceutical firm, PFC Bahamas ( formerly Syntex ), which recently streamlined its production and was purchased by the Swiss pharmaceutical firm Roche ; the BORCO oil facility, also in Freeport, which transships oil in the region ; the Commonwealth Brewery in Nassau, which produces Heineken, Guinness, and Kalik beers ; and Bacardi Corp., which distills rum in Nassau for shipment to the U. S. and European markets.

It also is a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) forum and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Amateur boxing is an Olympic and Commonwealth sport and is a common fixture in most of the major international games-it also has its own World Championships.

The name bubble and squeak is used throughout the United Kingdom, and it may also be understood in parts of some other Commonwealth countries and the United States.

These artillery-based tactics were also decisive in Western Front operations after Operation Overlord and both the British Commonwealth and American armies developed flexible and powerful systems for utilizing artillery support.

It is also home to diverse communities from across the Commonwealth.

It is also often referred as " Nobles ' Commonwealth " ( 1505 – 1795, i. e. before the union ).

The foundation stones of the Commonwealth ( also called the Golden Freedoms ) used to be

The term also served when six Australian colonies federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901.

" Commonwealth " is also used in the U. S. to describe the political relationship between the United States and the overseas unincorporated territories:

She also reigns as monarch directly in a number of states, known as Commonwealth realms.

It should be noted that while the term " armoured engineer vehicle " is used specifically to describe these multi-purpose tank based engineering vehicles, that term is also used more generically in British and Commonwealth militaries to describe all heavy tank based engineering vehicles used in the support of mechanized forces.

Two supplementary meetings were also held during this period: a Commonwealth Statesmen's meeting to discuss peace terms in April 1945, and a Commonwealth Economic Conference in 1952.

They were also renamed the ' Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings ' to reflect the growing diversity of the constitutional structures in the Commonwealth.

Other meetings, such as those of the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group, Commonwealth Business Council, and respective foreign ministers, have also dealt with business away from the heads of government themselves.

The monarchy was then abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England, also referred to as the Cromwellian Interregnum, was declared.

The word dessert is most commonly used for this course in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Ireland, while pudding or, informally, sweet or afters are alternative terms that may also be used in the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries, including New Zealand and India.

Dominica is also a member of the Caribbean Development Bank ( CDB ), and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Britain was also preoccupied with the Commonwealth, which was in a critical period.

Edinburgh has also hosted various national and international sports events including the World Student Games, the 1970 British Commonwealth Games, the 1986 Commonwealth Games and the inaugural 2000 Commonwealth Youth Games.