The Twenty-second Soviet Communist Party Congress opens in Moscow today in a situation contrasting sharply with the script prepared many months ago when this meeting was first announced.

The most surprising thing about the Twenty-second Congress of the Soviet Communist Party is that it is surprising -- perhaps quite as much, in its own way, as the Twentieth Congress of 1956, which ended with that famous `` secret '' report on Stalin.

* 1982 – Estonian Communist Party bureau declares " fight against bourgeois TV "— meaning Finnish TV — a top priority of the propagandists of Estonian SSR

* 1927 – April 12 Incident: Chiang Kai-shek orders the Communist Party of China members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.

Ter-Petrosyan had been elected head of government in 1990, when the National Democratic Union party defeated the Armenian Communist Party.

A new party, the Republic Party, is headed by ex-Prime Minister Aram Sargsyan, brother of Vazgen Sargsyan, and has become the primary voice of the opposition, which also includes the Armenian Communist Party, the National Unity party of Artashes Geghamyan, and elements of the former Ter-Petrosyan government.

* 1927 – The Nanchang Uprising marks the first significant battle in the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Communist Party of China.

* 1937 – Josip Broz Tito reads the resolution " Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH " to the constitutive congress of KPH ( Croatian Communist Party ) in woods near Samobor.

* 1920 – The congress of the Communist Party of Bukhara opens.

* 1950 – Julien Lahaut, the chairman of the Communist Party of Belgium is assassinated by far-right elements.

* 1945 – Ten days after World War II ends with Japan announcing its surrender, armed supporters of the Communist Party of China kill Baptist missionary John Birch, regarded by some of the American right as the first victim of the Cold War.

* 1912 – Pravda, the " voice " of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, begins publication in Saint Petersburg.

* 1991 – Collapse of the Soviet Union – Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.

* 1991 – Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union suspends all activities of the Soviet Communist Party.

During the Cold War, the ACLU headquarters was dominated by anti-communists, but many local affiliates defended members of the Communist Party.

* 1969 – Czechoslovakian Communist Party chairman Alexander Dubček is deposed.

* 2011 – Fidel Castro resigns from the Communist Party of Cuba's central committee after 45 years of holding the title.

* 1922 – Joseph Stalin becomes the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

* 1941 – World War II: The Communist Party of Slovenia, the Slovene Christian Socialists, the left-wing Slovene Sokols ( also known as " National Democrats ") and a group of progressive intellectuals establish the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People.

No consistent investigation has been put forth against the violent protesters, mainly due to the difficulties encountered in identification of the many masked protesters and the fierce opposition at Congress held by most of the left-wing parties, such as the Communist Party and current PM Romano Prodi's Union coalition.

The African National Congress ( ANC ) is South Africa's governing political party, supported by its tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions ( COSATU ) and the South African Communist Party ( SACP ), since the establishment of non-racial democracy in April 1994.

In 1955, the Congress of the People officially adopted the Freedom Charter, stating the core principles of the South African Congress Alliance, which consisted of the African National Congress and its allies the South African Communist Party ( SACP ), the South African Indian Congress, the South African Congress of Democrats ( COD ) and the Coloured People's Congress.

In cooperation with the South African Communist Party, MK was founded in 1961.

The ANC holds a historic alliance with the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) and Congress of South African Trade Unions ( COSATU ), known as the Tripartite Alliance.

Politically, the Sena was anti-communist, and wrested control of major trade unions in Mumbai from the Communist Party of India and demanded protection money ( extortion ) from mainly Gujarati and marwari business leaders.

* Communist Party of India ( Marxist )

Most factions of the Taliban, Iraqi insurgency, Colombia's FARC, and the Communist Party of India ( Maoist ) are said to be engaged in some form of guerrilla warfare — as was, until recently, the Communist Party of Nepal ( Maoist ).

The Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) vehemently supports left-wing politics like land-for-all, right to work and strongly opposes neo-liberal policies such as globalization, capitalism and privatization.

Indira herself was at loggerheads with her father over policy ; most notably, she used his oft-stated personal deference to the Congress Working Committee to push through the dismissal of the Communist Party of India government in the state of Kerala, over his own objections.

* 1973 – The Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) and the Communist Party of India form a ' United Front ' in the state of Tripura.

* April 5 – The Communist Party of India wins the elections in Kerala, making E. M. S. Namboodiripad its first chief minister.

Examples of contemporary Maoist movements most notably include the Shining Path in Peru, the Naxalite insurgency in India, and the Communist Party of Nepal ( Maoist ); the latter of which is the only current Maoist party holding power through a democratic process.

The Communist Party of India ( Maoist ) is a Maoist political party in India which aims to overthrow the government of India.

It was founded on September 21, 2004, through the merger of the Communist Party of India ( Marxist – Leninist ) People's War and the Maoist Communist Centre of India ( MCC ).

Another movement that has criticized the UCPN ( M ) is the Communist Party of India ( Maoist ) -- although they were never formally a RIM member, the CPI ( Maoist ) was formed out of three organizations, some of which were RIM members, at conferences organized by RIM.

* Communist Party of India ( Maoist )

In the second half of the 20th century a sizable number of Tibetan exiles fled the oppressive, anti-religious rule of the Communist Chinese to establish Tibetan Buddhist communities in northern India, particularly around Dharamsala.

The Uniform Civil Code is opposed by Muslims and political parties like the Indian National Congress and The Communist Party of India ( Marxist )

While a violent Maoist insurgency continues to rage across a wide-swath of eastern rural India, the movement is not considered a secessionist movement because the goal of the Maoists is to overthrow the government of India, although rebel commanders have occasionally called for a Communist republic to be carved out of swaths of India.

Being himself one of the leaders of the Communist Party of Italy, ( CPI ), his theories had, in turn, been strongly influenced by the German social thinker Karl Marx, and have their ideological roots grounded in Marxist theory of false consciousness and capitalist exploitation.

* M. N. Roy: Founder of CPI and Communist Party of Mexico

After promising land reforms and elected to power in West Bengal in 1977, the Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) ( CPI ( M )) kept their word and initiated gradual land reforms, such as Operation Barga.

He was considered to be one of the founders of the Communist Party of India ( CPI ) in Kerala, for which he had to go in hiding for some time.

When the CPI split in 1964, EMS stood with the Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) ( CPI ( M )).

The Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) ( abbreviated CPI ( M ) or CPM ; Hindi: भ ा रत क ी कम ् य ु न ि स ् ट प ा र ् ट ी ( म ा र ् क ् सव ा द ी) Bhārat kī Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī ( Mārksvādī )) is a left-wing Marxist political party in India.

CPI ( M ) emerged out of a division within the Communist Party of India ( CPI ).

Marking a difference from the Dangeite sector of CPI, the Tenali convention was marked by the display of a large portrait of the Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong.

The Communist Party of China hailed the Naxalbari movement, causing an abrupt break in CPI ( M )- CPC relations.

A large number of parties have been formed as a result of splits from the CPI ( M ), such as Communist Party of India ( Marxist-Leninist ), Marxist Communist Party of India, Marxist Coordination Committee in Jharkhand, Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy, Communist Marxist Party and BTR-EMS-AKG Janakeeya Vedi in Kerala, Party of Democratic Socialism in West Bengal, Janganotantrik Morcha in Tripura, the Ram Pasla group in Punjab, Orissa Communist Party in Orissa, etc.

But the Communist Party of India ( Marxist ), which separated from the CPI, claims that the party was founded in 1920.

Communist movement or CPI in particular emerged as a front runner after Guru Radha Kishan undertook a fast unto death for 24 days to promote the cause of textile workers in Delhi.

At the 1957 international meeting of Communist parties in Moscow, the Communist Party of China directed criticism at the CPI for having formed a ministry in Kerala.

Ideological differences lead to the split in the party in 1964 when two different party conferences were held, one of CPI and one of the Communist Party of India ( Marxist ).

Born in India into a Communist family in the Punjab, Bains became a member of the youth wing of the Communist Party of India ( CPI ).

In 1969, the AICCCR gave birth to the Communist Party of India ( Marxist-Leninist ) ( CPI ( ML )).