Lincoln prevented British recognition of the Confederacy by skillfully handling the Trent affair in late 1861.

The Confederacy selected Jefferson Davis as its provisional President on February 9, 1861.

On September 10, 1861, Johnston was assigned to command the huge area of the Confederacy west of the Allegheny Mountains, except for coastal areas.

Land warfare in the East was inconclusive in 1861 – 62, as the Confederacy beat back Union efforts to capture its capital, Richmond, Virginia, notably during the Peninsular Campaign.

* 1861 – American Civil War: the Confederate States of America accept a rival state government's pronouncement that declares Kentucky to be the 13th state of the Confederacy.

When Virginia joined the Confederacy, Davis moved his government to Richmond in May 1861.

* 1861 – Edward Clark became Governor of Texas, replacing Sam Houston, who has been evicted from the office for refusing to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy.

In 1861 the Confederacy claimed the southern tract as its own Arizona Territory and waged the ambitious New Mexico Campaign in an attempt to control the American Southwest and open up access to Union California.

During the American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), British leaders personally disliked American republicanism and favoured the more aristocratic Confederacy, as it had been a major source of cotton for textile mills.

In early 1861 Georgia joined the Confederacy and became a major theater of the Civil War.

He resigned from the U. S. Army in June 1861 to cast his lot with the Confederacy in the Civil War.

During the Civil War ( 1861 – 65 ), postal services in the Confederacy were provided by the CSA Post Office Department, headed by Postmaster General John Henninger Reagan.

President Lincoln signed two Confiscation Acts into law, the first on August 6, 1861, and the second on July 17, 1862, safeguarding fugitive slaves from the Confederacy that came over into Union lines and giving them indirect emancipation if their masters continued insurrection against the United States.

He refused to swear loyalty to the Confederacy when Texas seceded from the Union in 1861 with the outbreak of the American Civil War, and was removed from office.

To avert this calamity, I shall make no endeavor to maintain my authority as Chief Executive of this State, except by the peaceful exercise of my functions ... " He was evicted from his office on March 16, 1861, for refusing to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy, writing,

During 1861 to 1862, Napoleon III positioned France to intervene in the American Civil War on the side of the Confederacy.

Article 1, Section 7 of the Confederate States Constitution, adopted March 11, 1861, allowed the president of the Confederacy the ability to " approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill ," with such disapprovals returned to the houses of congress for reconsideration and potentially for override.

The 1860 presidential election of Republican Abraham Lincoln triggered a crisis as eleven slave states seceded to found the Confederacy in 1861.

On February 4, 1861, Chilton gaveled the Confederacy into existence, as acting leader of the Provisional Congress.

After the defeat of the Confederacy in the American Civil War ( 1861 – 65 ) and Reconstruction, Texas rejoined the United States of America in 1870.

Despite the secession of the Southern states and the formation of the Confederate States of America, Breckinridge remained in the Senate until he felt threatened by the military government of his state and fled Washington to the Confederacy on October 2, 1861.

The fort was surrendered to the Confederacy in 1861, and reoccupied by federal troops in 1867.

The fort was surrendered to the Confederacy in 1861, and abandoned in 1862 after Confederate defeat at Glorieta Pass, New Mexico, but was re-occupied by Federal troops July 1, 1867.

In 1861 the county assembly officially enacted a resolution seceding from the state of Tennessee ( and thus the Confederacy ), forming the " Free and Independent State of Scott ," ( also known simply as the " State of Scott "), an anti-slavery and somewhat pro-Union enclave community.

But though each of its members had asserted this right against the Union, the final Constitution which the Confederacy signed on March 11 -- nearly a month before hostilities began -- included no explicit provision authorizing a state to secede.

In practice the law had little effect, but it did signal political support for abolishing slavery in the Confederacy

Privately, Lincoln concluded at this point that the slave base of the Confederacy had to be eliminated.

Johnson did not deal harshly with Confederate leaders, as he had earlier indicated he would ; he expanded his pardons to include those in the highest ranks of the Confederacy, including their Vice-President, Alexander H. Stephens.

Johnson resented what he had perceived as British sympathy toward the Confederacy and he ignored a series of armed incursions by Fenians ( Irish-American civil war veterans ) into Canada.

The Aro Confederacy of Nigeria may have had presence in western ( later called British ) Cameroon due to migration in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Historians have criticized Davis for being a much less effective war leader than his Union counterpart Abraham Lincoln, which they attribute to Davis being overbearing, controlling, and overly meddlesome, as well as being out of touch with public opinion, and lacking support from a political party ( since the Confederacy had no political parties ).

" Davis stated that men in the Confederacy had successfully fought for their own rights with inferior numbers during the Civil War and that the northern historians ignored this view.

He had become as famous as Stonewall Jackson in the eyes of the Confederacy.

They were mainly small states, though some confederations of republics seem to have formed that covered large areas, such as Vajjian Confederacy, which had Vaishali as its capital around 600 BC.

However, the Confederacy was plagued by a chronic shortage of materials including platinum and copper wire and acid for batteries, and the wires had a tendency to break.

Following the Civil War, the family had fallen on harder times with the temporary loss of civil and some property rights for those who aided the Confederacy.

It also confirmed that neither the United States nor any state would pay for the loss of slaves or debts that had been incurred by the Confederacy.

For example, during the Civil War several British and French banks had lent large sums of money to the Confederacy to support its war against the Union.

He later remarked that the carnage at Shiloh had made it clear to him that the Confederacy would only be defeated by complete annihilation of its army.

Though Bragg's army had not been captured, the decisive battle opened Georgia and the heartland of the Confederacy to Union invasion by Maj. Gen. Sherman.

On 1 May 1351, the citizens of Zurich had to swear allegiance before representatives of the cantons of Lucerne, Schwyz, Uri and Unterwalden, the other members of the Swiss Confederacy.

Sources are unclear whether he sold them due to his debts he had accumulated owing to his luxurious lifestyle or just " rented " them because he wanted to have them protected better against the expansion of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

Johnson, known to the Iroquois as Warraghiggey, meaning " He who does great things ", had become a respected honorary member of the Iroquois Confederacy in the area.

Maximilian had no choice but to agree to a peace treaty signed on 22 September 1499 in Basel that granted the Swiss Confederacy independence from the Holy Roman Empire.

John Ross, who had reluctantly agreed to ally with the Confederacy, was captured by Federal troops in 1862.

In Indian Territory, the national council of those who supported the Union voted to abolish slavery in the Cherokee Nation in 1863, but they were not the majority slaveholders and the vote had little effect on those supporting the Confederacy.

Particularly after the Civil War, as the political thrust of the novel which had arguably helped to precipitate that war became obsolete to actual political discourse, popular depictions of the title character recast him within the apologetics of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.

The site of Richmond, at the fall line of the James River, had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610 – 1611.