For lawyers, reflecting perhaps their parochial preferences, there has been a special fascination since then in the role played by the Supreme Court in that transformation -- the manner in which its decisions altered in `` the switch in time that saved nine '', President Roosevelt's ill-starred but in effect victorious `` Court-packing plan '', the imprimatur of judicial approval that was finally placed upon social legislation.

-- Indonesia Military Supreme Court has confirmed the death sentence passed on Alan Lawrence Pope, an American pilot.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

The Attorney General of California concurs in this interpretation and has filed an appeal from these decisions to the District Court of Appeal.

As a school district, the District of Columbia has had desegregated schools since 1954, shortly after the Supreme Court decision.

Judicial opinion since the Supreme Court decision on Shelley v. Kraemer ( 1948 ) has rendered racial restrictive covenants unenforcible.

One of those capital-gains ventures, in fact, has saddled him with Gore Court.

The decision by the Illinois Supreme Court has been cited by numerous other courts in the nation.

In New Jersey, for example, the Administrative Office of the Court has promulgated a form of notice of appeal for use by appellants, though using this exact form is not mandatory and the failure to use it is not a jurisdictional defect provided that all pertinent information is set forth in whatever form of notice of appeal is used.

The Supreme Court of Virginia has stated that '" This Court has repeatedly held that the effect of an appeal to circuit court is to " annul the judgment of the inferior tribunal as completely as if there had been no previous trial.

Examples of such courts include the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals ( which existed from 1844 to 1947 ), the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors ( which has been renamed the Connecticut Supreme Court ), the Kentucky Court of Errors ( renamed the Kentucky Supreme Court ), and the Mississippi High Court of Errors and Appeals ( since renamed the Supreme Court of Mississippi ).

Some jurisdictions have specialized appellate courts, such as the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which only hears appeals raised in criminal cases, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has general jurisdiction but derives most of its caseload from patent cases, on the other hand, and appeals from the Court of Federal Claims on the other.

* 2001 – Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Moore has a Ten Commandments monument installed in the judiciary building, leading to a lawsuit to have it removed and his own removal from office.

In Northern Ireland the Criminal Justice Act 2003, effective 18 April 2005, makes certain " qualifying offence " ( including murder, rape, kidnapping, specified sexual acts with young children, specified drug offences, defined acts of terrorism, as well as in certain cases attempts or conspiracies to commit the foregoing ) subject to retrial after acquittal ( including acquittals obtained before passage of the Act ) if there is a finding by the Court of Appeals that there is " new and compelling evidence.

Kyoto's character was defined by the Imperial Court, the court nobles, its Buddhist temples and its history ; Osaka was the country's commercial center, dominated by the chōnin ( merchant class ).

In Rhode Island v. Innis the Supreme Court defined interrogation as express questioning and " any words or actions on the part of the police ( other than those normally attendant to arrest and custody ) that the police should know are reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response from the suspect.

Thus, a federal district court that falls within the geographic boundaries of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals is bound by rulings of the Third Circuit Court, but not by rulings in the Ninth Circuit, since the Circuit Courts of Appeals have jurisdiction defined by geography.

" Fraud upon the court " has been defined by the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals to " embrace that species of fraud which does, or attempts to, defile the court itself, or is a fraud perpetrated by officers of the court so that the judicial machinery can not perform in the usual manner its impartial task of adjudging cases that are presented for adjudication ".

The U. S. Court of Appeals reversed the Tax Court's ruling, defined the Society as a religious organization, and granted its tax exemption.

It should be noted that neither the National Assembly nor the Supreme Court has actually defined what the term " existing national boundaries ," as stated in the constitution, actually means.

However, in Meese v. Keene,, the Court upheld the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, under which several Canadian films were defined as " political propaganda ," requiring their sponsors to be identified.

The Permanent Court of International Justice and an International Court of Arbitration established by the Council of the League of Nations handed down rulings in 1925 which determined that Palestine and Transjordan were newly-created successor states of the Ottoman Empire as defined by international law.

Crimes against humanity, as defined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Explanatory Memorandum, " are particularly odious offenses in that they constitute a serious attack on human dignity or grave humiliation or a degradation of one or more human beings.

The crime of apartheid is defined by the 2002 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as inhumane acts of a character similar to other crimes against humanity " committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime.

< li > Persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other grounds that are universally recognized as impermissible under international law, in connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court ;</ li >

* The Court of Chivalry is said to have defined the period before 1066 as time immemorial for the purposes of heraldry.

Bloomsbury has no official boundaries, but can be roughly defined as the square bounded by Tottenham Court Road to the west, Euston Road to the north, Gray's Inn Road to the east, and either High Holborn or the thoroughfare formed by New Oxford Street, Bloomsbury Way and Theobalds Road to the south.

The modern standard was defined in Brandenburg v. Ohio ( 1969 ), where the Court reversed the conviction of a Ku Klux Klan leader accused of advocating violence against racial minorities and the national government.

Although the decision was never expressly overturned, the Court later retreated from this position in a series of cases that defined various steps of the manufacturing process as part of commerce.

Headnotes are defined as " not the work of the Court, but are simply the work of the Reporter, giving his understanding of the decision, prepared for the convenience of the profession.

An 1886 decision of the United States Supreme Court, in Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, has been cited by various courts in the US as precedent to maintain that a corporation can be defined legally as a " person ", as described in the Fourteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution.

The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive and judicial, which powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the federal courts, including the Supreme Court, respectively ; the powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court.

The United States Supreme Court has defined the term as follows: " A selective prosecution claim is not a defense on the merits to the criminal charge itself, but an independent assertion that the prosecutor has brought the charge for reasons forbidden by the Constitution.

This follows the 1998 passage of a bill by the Washington State legislature that defined marriage as being between a man and a woman ; this legislation was upheld by the Washington State Supreme Court in 2006.

Finally, however, in Cole v Whitfield, which was notable also for its willingness to use the transcripts of the Convention debates as an aid to interpretation, the Court unanimously decided that what the section prohibited, in relation to interstate trade and commerce, were only " discriminatory burdens of a protectionist kind "< sup > 17 </ sup >.

In 1895, O ' Connor returned to New South Wales and successfully defended the protectionist demagogue Paddy Crick against conspiracy charges relating to the George Dean attempted murder case ; he was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1896 and acted as a judge on the Supreme Court from November 1898 to March 1899.

For almost a hundred years we relied upon state courts ( subject to review by the Supreme Court ) for the protection of most rights arising under national law.

Reluctant, as usual, to interpret state legislation -- such interpretation can only be a `` forecast rather than a determination '' -- Mr. Justice Frankfurter led a unanimous Court to vacate the injunction.

The Court held that federal jurisdiction should not be exercised lest the domestic policy of the state be obstructed ; ;

To insure uniformity in the meaning of national law, however, state interpretations are subject to Supreme Court review.

The fight over the Warwick School Committee's appointment of a coordinator of audio-visual education may go to the state Supreme Court, it appeared last night.

Milton and Rosella Lovett of Cranston were awarded $55,000 damages from the state in Superior Court yesterday for industrial property which they owned at 83 Atwells Ave., Providence, and which was condemned for use in construction of Interstate Route 95.

The right to file an appeal can also vary from state to state ; for example, the New Jersey Constitution vests judicial power in a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, and other courts of limited jurisdiction, with an appellate court being part of the Superior Court.

The highest state court, generally known as the Supreme Court, exercises discretion over whether it will review the case.

* 1775 – American Revolutionary War: King George III delivers his Proclamation of Rebellion to the Court of St. James's stating that the American colonies have proceeded to a state of open and avowed rebellion.

The Court also ruled that the Minister of Defense is constitutionally not entitled to act in terrorism matters, as this is the duty of the state and federal police forces.

It was not until 1963 that the U. S. Supreme Court declared that legal counsel must be provided at the expense of the state for indigent felony defendants, under the federal Sixth Amendment, in state courts.

By tradition, when the Justices are in conference deliberating the outcome of cases before the Court, the justices state their views in order of seniority.

A 1824 landmark U. S. Supreme Court ruling overturned a New York State-granted monopoly (" a veritable model of state munificence " facilitated by one of the Founding Fathers, Robert R. Livingston ) for the then-revolutionary technology of steamboats.

On January 27, 2009, in a lawsuit involving an accidental injury sustained during a cheerleading practice, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that cheerleading is a full-contact sport in that state.

As the law of corporations was articulated by the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Marshall, over the first several decades of the new American state, emphasis fell, in a way which seems natural to us today, upon commercial corporations.

In the 2011 court case AT & T Mobility v. Concepcion, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in a 5-4 decision that the Federal Arbitration Act of 1925 preempts state laws that prohibit contracts from disallowing class action lawsuits, which will make it more difficult for consumers to file class action lawsuits.

( a ) ' High Court ' means the high court for a state or a union territory and includes the court of the judicial commissioner in any union territory.

CUNY graduates include 12 Nobel laureates, a U. S. Secretary of State, a Supreme Court Justice, several mayors, members of Congress, state legislators, scientists and artists.

While the constitution does not expressly state that these agreements are allowed, and constitutional scholars such as Laurence Tribe think they're unconstitutional, the U. S. Supreme Court has upheld their validity.