The right to file an appeal can also vary from state to state ; for example, the New Jersey Constitution vests judicial power in a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, and other courts of limited jurisdiction, with an appellate court being part of the Superior Court.

Gross stated, " Should the Commissioner falter in proving alleged wrongdoing, the Court may allow LAD ( Los Angeles Dodgers ) to take further, limited discovery.

In the years that followed, other states subscribed to limitations of their conduct, and numerous other treaties and bodies were created to regulate the conduct of states towards one another in terms of these treaties, including, but not limited to, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1899 ; the Hague and Geneva Conventions, the first of which was passed in 1907 ; the International Court of Justice in 1921 ; the Genocide Convention ; and the International Criminal Court, in the late 1990s.

In 1956, Hoover was becoming increasingly frustrated by Supreme Court decisions that limited the Justice Department's ability to prosecute people for their political opinions, most notably communists.

The Court has not indicated, however, whether this holding extends to the public school context, and it may well be limited to the context of individuals training to enter the ministry.

For instance the Supreme Court struck down a provision which limited the jurisdiction of the state of Alabama over navigable waters within the state.

The Supreme Court ruled that some searches and seizures may violate the reasonableness requirement under the Fourth Amendment, even if a warrant is supported by probable cause and is limited in scope.

In Trupiano v. United States,, the Supreme Court held that " a search or seizure without a warrant as an incident to a lawful arrest has always been considered to be a strictly limited right.

However, in the Slaughter-House Cases ( 1873 ), the Supreme Court ruled that the amendment's Privileges or Immunities Clause was limited to " privileges or immunities " granted to citizens by the federal government by virtue of national citizenship.

The Court further held in the Civil Rights Cases ( 1883 ) that the amendment was limited to " state action " and, therefore, did not authorize the Congress to outlaw racial discrimination on the part of private individuals or organizations.

It created a general right to privacy ( Griswold v. Connecticut ), limited the role of religion in public school ( most prominently Engel v. Vitale and Abington School District v. Schempp ), incorporated most guarantees of the Bill of Rights against the States — prominently Mapp v. Ohio ( the exclusionary rule ) and Gideon v. Wainwright ( right to appointed counsel ),— and required that criminal suspects be apprised of all these rights by police ( Miranda v. Arizona ); At the same time, however, the Court limited defamation suits by public figures ( New York Times v. Sullivan ) and supplied the government with an unbroken run of antitrust victories.

In early 2010, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission that corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited pursuant to the right of these entities to free speech.

Supreme Court precedent, he argued, held that one must be able to discern an " outer limit " to a limited power ; in the case of retrospective copyright extensions, Congress could continue to extend copyright terms indefinitely through a set of limited extensions, thus rendering the " limited times " requirement meaningless.

The Supreme Court declined to address Lessig's contention that Lopez and Morrison offered precedent for enforcing the Copyright clause, and instead reiterated the lower court's reasoning that a retroactive term extension can satisfy the " limited times " provision in the copyright clause, as long as the extension itself is limited instead of perpetual.

Furthermore, the Court refused to apply the proportionality standards of the Fourteenth Amendment or the free-speech standards in the First Amendment to limit Congress's ability to confer copyrights for limited terms.

The Court found that, although the Louisiana legislature had stated that its purpose was to " protect academic freedom ," that purpose was dubious because the Act gave Louisiana teachers no freedom they did not already possess and instead limited their ability to determine what scientific principles should be taught.

For lawyers, reflecting perhaps their parochial preferences, there has been a special fascination since then in the role played by the Supreme Court in that transformation -- the manner in which its decisions altered in `` the switch in time that saved nine '', President Roosevelt's ill-starred but in effect victorious `` Court-packing plan '', the imprimatur of judicial approval that was finally placed upon social legislation.

The editorial concerned legislative proposals to ease the tax burden on DuPont stockholders, in connection with the United States Supreme Court ruling that DuPont must divest itself of its extensive General Motors stock holdings.

Yet your list of things left undone did not include repeal of the Connally amendment to this country's domestic jurisdiction reservation to its Adherence to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

However, this Court put to one side without consideration the Government's appeal from the dismissal of its Sherman Act allegations.

However, the Federal Court held that since the State had accepted the provisions of the Wagner-Peyser Act into its own Code, and presumably therefore also the regulations, it was now a State matter.

The High Court held that the company must apply its percentage allowance to the value of the raw materials removed from the ground, not to the revenue from finished products.

In March 1857, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford ; Chief Justice Roger B. Taney opined that blacks were not citizens, and derived no rights from the Constitution.

In the Supreme Court, in which review in most cases is available only if the Court exercises its discretion and grants a writ of certiorari.

Some jurisdictions have specialized appellate courts, such as the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which only hears appeals raised in criminal cases, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has general jurisdiction but derives most of its caseload from patent cases, on the other hand, and appeals from the Court of Federal Claims on the other.

The United States District Court for the District of Minnesota released its judgement on October 19, 1973, finding in Honeywell v. Sperry Rand that the ENIAC patent was a derivative of John Atanasoff's invention.

* 1946 – The International Court of Justice holds its inaugural meeting in The Hague, Netherlands.

In February 2011, the Bombay High Court reaffirmed astrology's standing in India when it dismissed a case which had challenged its status as a science.

A court case allowing the União do Vegetal to import and use the tea for religious purposes in the United States, Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal, was heard by the U. S. Supreme Court on November 1, 2005 ; the decision, released February 21, 2006, allows the UDV to use the tea in its ceremonies pursuant to the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.

In March 2009, U. S. District Court Judge Panner ruled in favor of the Santo Daime, acknowledging its protection from prosecution under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.

* 1938 – U. S. Supreme Court delivers its opinion in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and overturns a century of federal common law.

The Supreme Court of the United States held in its landmark case, McGowan v. Maryland ( 1961 ), that Maryland's blue laws violated neither the Free Exercise Clause nor the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

At the centre of the Great Court is the Reading Room vacated by the British Library, its functions now moved to St Pancras.

Late in 1971, BJU filed suit to prevent the IRS from taking its tax exemption, but in 1974, in Bob Jones University v. Simon, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that the university did not have standing to sue until the IRS actually assessed taxes.

" The university was not challenged about the origin of its interracial dating policy, and the District Court accepted " on the basis of a full evidentiary record " BJU's argument that the rule was a sincerely held religious conviction, a finding affirmed by all subsequent courts.

Cameroon has repeatedly demonstrated its preference for resolving this conflict through peaceful legal means and has submitted its case to the International Court of Justice.

his requesting, and often getting, higher wages, better working conditions, better schools -- changes that were slowly emerging even before the Supreme Court decision of 1954.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

It is an accepted juridical principle in California that a Superior Court decision does not constitute a binding legal precedent.

Only when a decision is rendered by the District Court of Appeal ( or, of course, the Supreme Court ) is a binding precedent established.

As a school district, the District of Columbia has had desegregated schools since 1954, shortly after the Supreme Court decision.

On the one hand do we argue the Supreme Court decision required only that a child not be denied admission to a school on account of his race??

The Supreme Court decision in mid-1960 was in the case of a company making sewer pipe from clay which it mined.

The Tax Court decision and a similar earlier finding by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals challenges a year-old I.R.S. ruling on the subject.

Judicial opinion since the Supreme Court decision on Shelley v. Kraemer ( 1948 ) has rendered racial restrictive covenants unenforcible.

The decision by the Illinois Supreme Court has been cited by numerous other courts in the nation.

Lincoln denounced the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford as a conspiracy to extend slavery.

Douglas said that Lincoln was defying the authority of the U. S. Supreme Court and the Dred Scott decision.

In 1857 the Supreme Court ’ s Dred Scott decision ended the Congressional compromise for Popular Sovereignty in Kansas.

* 2007 – The Supreme Court of the United States upholds the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act in a 5-4 decision.

Supreme Court Justice Byron White wrote the decision for the majority

Supreme Court Justice Byron White wrote the decision for the majority.

The Supreme Court held that for the plea to be accepted, the defendant must have been advised by a competent lawyer who was able to inform the individual that his best decision in the case would be to enter a guilty plea.

In his 1972 book American Criminal Justice, Jonathan D. Caplan comments on the Supreme Court decision, noting, " The Alford decision recognizes the plea-bargaining system, acknowledging that a man may maintain his innocence but still plead guilty in order to minimize his potential loss.

" He said of the Supreme Court case, " They had to make a decision about what to do.