The owner of a public relations firm owed no income tax on payments he received from a client company and `` kicked back '' to the company's advertising manager, the Tax Court ruled.

* 1690 – Job Charnock of the East India Company establishes a factory in Calcutta, an event formerly considered the founding of the city ( in 2003 the Calcutta High Court ruled that the city has no birthday ).

The Court also ruled that the Minister of Defense is constitutionally not entitled to act in terrorism matters, as this is the duty of the state and federal police forces.

The Supreme Court of North Carolina ruled that the defendant had voluntarily entered the guilty plea, with knowledge of what that meant.

Following this ruling, Alford petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina, which upheld the initial ruling, and subsequently to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit which ruled that Alford's plea was not voluntary, because it was made under fear of the death penalty.

The Court ruled that the defendant can enter such a plea " when he concludes that his interests require a guilty plea and the record strongly indicates guilt.

The Court went on to note that even if the defendant could have shown that he would not have entered a guilty plea " but for " the rationale of receiving a lesser sentence, the plea itself would not have been ruled invalid.

The Court ruled, " Although an Alford plea allows a defendant to plead guilty amid assertions of innocence, it does not require a court to accept those assertions.

In March 2009, U. S. District Court Judge Panner ruled in favor of the Santo Daime, acknowledging its protection from prosecution under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.

A U. N. Court ruled genocide did not take place, but recognized, " a systematic campaign of terror, including murders, rapes, arsons and severe maltreatments ".

A provincial court ruled that the Lord's Day Act was unconstitutional, but the Crown proceeded to appeal all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada.

On April 6, 2006, in a case arising from a game involving community college baseball teams, the Supreme Court of California ruled that baseball players in California assume the risk of being hit by baseballs even if the balls were intentionally thrown so as to cause injury.

The field of modern biotechnology is thought to have largely begun on June 16, 1980, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that a genetically modified microorganism could be patented in the case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty.

Late in 1971, BJU filed suit to prevent the IRS from taking its tax exemption, but in 1974, in Bob Jones University v. Simon, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that the university did not have standing to sue until the IRS actually assessed taxes.

In December 1978, the federal district court ruled in the university's favor ; two years later, that decision was overturned by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals.

The case was heard on October 12, 1982, and on May 24, 1983, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled against Bob Jones University in Bob Jones University v. United States ( 461 U. S. 574 ).

It is currently ruled by Cameroon following the transfer of sovereignty from neighbouring Nigeria as a result of a judgment by the International Court of Justice.

The Supreme Court let a 9th circuit decision stand, and Data General was eventually forced into licensing the Operating System software because it was ruled that restricting the license to only DG hardware was an illegal tying arrangement.

In a landmark case, the European Court of Justice ( ECJ ) ruled on 5 July 1994 against the British practice of importing produce from northern Cyprus based on certificates of origin and phytosanitary certificates granted by the de facto authorities.

Those dates were chosen because in 1954 the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in schools was unlawful and 1968 is the year of Martin Luther King's assassination.

On January 27, 2009, in a lawsuit involving an accidental injury sustained during a cheerleading practice, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that cheerleading is a full-contact sport in that state.

Civil liberties groups challenged the law under the First Amendment and in 1997 the Supreme Court ruled in their favor.

In May 2010, the Washington State Supreme Court provided an opinion after it was asked to certify a question referred by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington: “ Whether a public library, consistent with Article I, § 5 of the Washington Constitution, may filter Internet access for all patrons without disabling Web sites containing constitutionally-protected speech upon the request of an adult library patron .” The Washington State Supreme Court ruled that NCRL ’ s internet filtering policy did not violate Article I, Section 5 of the Washington State Constitution.

Meanwhile, the Supreme Court, like Congress, showed misgivings concerning this aspect of government by injunction.

Reluctant, as usual, to interpret state legislation -- such interpretation can only be a `` forecast rather than a determination '' -- Mr. Justice Frankfurter led a unanimous Court to vacate the injunction.

The Phillies subsequently filed an injunction to force Lajoie's return, which was granted by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.

The Department of Justice appealed her decision and requested a stay of her injunction, which Phillips denied but which the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals granted on October 20

In 2011, while waiting for certification, several service members were discharged under DADT at their own insistence, until July 6 when a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals re-instated Judge Phillips ' injunction barring further enforcement of the U. S. military's ban on openly gay service members.

An injunction against holding the referendum was issued by the Honduran Supreme Court.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit found the process violated the employees ' privacy rights and has issued a preliminary injunction.

Millar sued, and went to the Court of King's Bench to obtain an injunction and advocate perpetual copyright at common law.

Following a petition filed by the government's wholly owned companies, the High Administrative Court issued an injunction order on September 23, 2010, to stop 3G auction resulting in near guarantee of domination of the incumbent to exploit 2G services.

Republicans took the issue to court and the Marion County Circuit Court granted an injunction removing the constitution from the 1912 ballot.

In the case, the Supreme Court refused to entertain a request for an injunction preventing President Andrew Johnson from executing the Reconstruction Acts, which were claimed to be unconstitutional.

Court injunction blocked enforcement of the first, the Child Online Protection Act ( COPA ), almost immediately after its passage in 1998 ; the law was later overturned.

A Supreme Court case decision, In re Debs, later upheld the right of the federal government to issue the injunction.

The Fulton County Superior Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, validating the terms of the Humane Euthanasia Act, with an injunction prohibiting the Department from issuing licenses to shelters using gas chambers in violation of the Act.

A judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York denied a preliminary injunction against Jews for Jesus over the pamphlet, finding the distribution of the pamphlet to be protected by the First Amendment, and also stated that the pamphlet did not suggest that Mason was a Christian.

The district court denied them an injunction, and this decision was affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

In December 2008, the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals gave a preliminary injunction enjoining the national organization from changing the status of Manitou Council.

The injunction was upheld in the Ventura County Superior Court and made a permanent law in 2005.

The Court then relied on section 1 to find the injunction against the picketing was just.

* 2011, the Tennessee Court of Appeals ruled in November that the Hamilton County Circuit Court Judge Jeff Hollingsworth did not have the jurisdiction in entering an injunction against the Hamilton County Election Commission.

In its judgment summary the Appeals Court said, " The trial court acted without jurisdiction in entering an injunction against the Election Commission.

In response, a local advocacy group known as Citizens for Safety and Clean Air filed a lawsuit on behalf of several Bethel residents in Anderson County Chancery Court contending that the council's rezoning was unconstitutional and seeking an injunction preventing the council from rezoning the property as an industrial zone.

The former partners ended up in the New York Court of Errors, which granted a permanent injunction against Gibbons in 1820.

The Court of Chancery of New York and the Court of Errors of New York found in favor of Ogden and issued an injunction to restrict Gibbons from operating his boats.