* 1706 – Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher ( d. 1772 )

* 1933 – Floyd Cramer, American popular pianist ( d. 1997 )

* Cramer – Shoup cryptosystem

* January 4 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician ( b. 1704 )

* June 18 – Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher ( b. 1706 )

* November 8 – Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher ( d. 1772 )

* July 31 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician ( d. 1752 )

* 2004 – Ronnie Cramer produced a score and effects soundtrack for Metropolis that won two Aurora awards.

The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics ( TIQM ) by John G. Cramer is an interpretation of quantum mechanics inspired by the Wheeler – Feynman absorber theory.

* Floyd Cramer – piano

* Doc Cramer ( 1905 – 90 ), center fielder who played for four American League teams from 1929 to 1948.

* Doc Cramer ( 1905 – 1990 ), center fielder who played for four American League teams from 1929 to 1948.

* Doc Cramer ( 1905 – 90 ), center fielder who played for four American League teams from 1929 to 1948.

* Cramer Corners – A location near the north town line.

* December 31 – Floyd Cramer, pianist, 64

It is named after Gabriel Cramer ( 1704 – 1752 ), who published the rule for an arbitrary number of unknowns in 1750, although Colin Maclaurin also published special cases of the rule in 1748 ( and probably knew of it as early as 1729 ).

Another transitional type of bow may be called the Cramer bow, after the violinist Wilhelm Cramer ( 1746 – 99 ) who lived the early part of his life in Mannheim ( Germany ) and, after 1772, in London.

Of particular importance were collections of " studies " by Johann Baptist Cramer ( published between 1804 and 1810 ), early parts of Muzio Clementi's Gradus ad Parnassum ( 1817 – 26 ), numerous works by Carl Czerny, and Ignaz Moscheles ' Studien Op.

Cramer – Shoup cryptosystem •

* Kevin Ayers, June Campbell Cramer & Brian Eno – Lady June's Linguistic Leprosy

Among his other contributions to science were a series of papers in the Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Botanik ( 1844 – 1846 ); Die neueren Algensysteme ( 1847 ); Gattungen einzelliger Algen ( 1849 ); Pflanzenphysiologische Untersuchungen ( 1855 – 1858 ), with Carl Eduard Cramer ; Beiträge zur wissenschaftlichen Botanik ( 1858 – 1868 ); a number of papers contributed to the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, forming three volumes of Botanische Mitteilungen ( 1861 – 1881 ); and, finally, his volume, Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre, published in 1884.

* Cramer – Shoup cryptosystem, an asymmetric key encryption algorithm

* Ronald Cramer and Victor Shoup.

It is used as the basis to prove the security of many cryptographic protocols, most notably the ElGamal and Cramer – Shoup cryptosystems.

The Cramer – Shoup system is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm, and was the first efficient scheme proven to be secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack using standard cryptographic assumptions.

Developed by Ronald Cramer and Victor Shoup in 1998, it is an extension of the Elgamal cryptosystem.

In contrast to Elgamal, which is extremely malleable, Cramer – Shoup adds other elements to ensure non-malleability even against a resourceful attacker.

The definition of security achieved by Cramer – Shoup is formally termed " indistinguishability under adaptive chosen ciphertext attack " ( IND-CCA2 ).

Cramer – Shoup was not the first encryption scheme to provide security against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack.

Cramer – Shoup consists of three algorithms: the key generator, the encryption algorithm, and the decryption algorithm.

If the space of possible messages is larger than the size of, then Cramer – Shoup may be used in a hybrid cryptosystem to improve efficiency on long messages.

* Ronald Cramer and Victor Shoup.

* Toy implementations of Cramer – Shoup in Emacs Lisp and Java

* Ronald Cramer and Victor Shoup: " Universal hash proofs and a paradigm for chosen ciphertext secure public key encryption.

# REDIRECT Cramer – Shoup cryptosystem

* Victor Shoup, who with Ronald Cramer developed the Cramer – Shoup cryptosystem

The first statement of modern " tree-based " Genetic Programming ( that is, procedural languages organized in tree-based structures and operated on by suitably defined GA-operators ) was given by Nichael L. Cramer ( 1985 ).

Physicist John G. Cramer at the University of Washington is attempting to replicate one of these experiments and demonstrate whether or not it can produce superluminal communication.

A well-known feature is the Cramer Mountain gated development featuring luxurious homes and an 18-hole golf course at Cramer Mountain Country Club.

Cramer is credited with designing and equipping " about one-third of the new cotton mills in the South " between 1895 and 1915, and simultaneously acquiring extensive holdings in textile mills.

The term " air conditioning " is attributed to Cramer.

Currently, the only public school in Cramerton is Cramerton Middle School, grades 6 to 8 ; however, Stuart Cramer High School is set to open in the Fall of 2013 with grades 9 and 10, expanding to grades 9 to 12 by Fall of 2015.

Brendel's title for this variation is The virtuoso at boiling-point ( to Cramer ).

The hair ( on the Cramer bow ) is wider than the Corelli model but still narrower than a Tourte, the screw mechanism becomes standard, and more sticks are made from pernambuco, rather than the earlier snakewood, ironwood, and china wood, which were often fluted for a portion of the length of the stick.

The author Florian Cramer incorrectly claimed that " It is known today that NN was a collective international project, with the person who wrote NATO differing from the one who wrote the message Netochka Nezvanova quoted above.

Robert Edward " Bud " Cramer, Jr., ( born August 22, 1947 ) is an American politician and was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 1991, representing.

In the House, Cramer was a tireless supporter of the International Space Station and a leading advocate for spending increases in missile defense, as Huntsville has long been a center for research and development of these two projects, as Redstone Arsenal — located in the district — is home of the United States Army Aviation and Missile Command ( AMCOM ) and NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.

Cramer () is a surname.

One clear account is given in Cramer ( 1986 ), which pictures a transaction as a four-vector standing wave whose endpoints are the emission and absorption events.

Nicholle Tom is the twin sister of David Tom, who is best known for his role as Billy Abbott on The Young and the Restless from 1999-2002 and his role on One Life to Live as Paul Cramer from 2004-2005 and the younger sister of Heather Tom, who is best known for her role as Victoria Newman McNeil Howard on The Young and the Restless from 1997-2003, on One Life to Live as Kelly Cramer Buchanan from 2003-2006, and Katie Logan Spencer on The Bold and the Beautiful from 2007 – present.

He is also very close to his great nieces and nephews ; Rowan Dickson, Stuart Thomson, Tessa Thomson & Jed Cramer.