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The Crescentii clan ( in modern Italian Crescenzi ) — if they were an extended family — essentially ruled Rome and controlled the Papacy from the middle of the 10th century until the nearly simultaneous deaths of their puppet pope Sergius IV and the patricius of the clan in 1012.
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Crescentii and clan
During his whole pontificate he was allegedly subordinate to the head of the Crescentii clan who controlled Rome, the patricius ( an aristocratic military leader ) John Crescentius III.
Crescentii and Italian
Emperor Otto's intervention in Italian affairs in 961 was not in Crescentii interests.
Crescentii and —
They produced one pope from among their number — John XIII — and controlled most of the others, whom the leaders of the Crescentii installed as puppet popes.
Crescentii and they
However, when Otto the Great designated Benedict VI as the next pope, the Crescentii family, along with most of the Roman people, began to feel indignation towards the emperor because they felt he was interfering too much in the papal elections.
Crescentii and were
In the countryside, Crescentii castles concentrated a cluster of population that depended on them for their defense and were dependable armed members of the Crescentii clientage.
In the 1020s, the abbot Hugh of Farfa was able to play one branch of Crescentii against another, and Crescentii support of two unsuccessful antipopes in mid-century, Sylvester III ( Pope in 1045 ) and Benedict X in 1058 were symptoms of the clan's loss of unity and political prestige.
In the longer term, the heirs of Theophylact, the Tusculani, were the rivals of the Crescentii in controlling Rome, and placed several popes on the Chair of St Peter.
Crescentii and family
The head of the Nationalist party, which pushed Franco as their candidate for the papacy when Otto the Great was still in power, was the powerful Crescentii family.
Benedict VII was elected pope in October 974 with the approval of Sicco and supposedly even the Crescentii family who behind the initial rebellion that put Boniface VII into power.
The Castel Sant ' Angelo | Tomb of Hadrian, stronghold of the Crescentii family, was besieged by Otto III in 998.
In 974 Benedict was imprisoned in the Castel Sant ' Angelo, the stronghold of the Crescentii family.
After several Crescentii family Popes up to 1012, the Theophylacti still occasionally nominated sons as Popes:
Crescentii and Rome
His brief pontificate came in the political context of the founding of the Holy Roman Empire, during the transition between the reigns of German emperors Otto I and Otto II and the struggle for power of aristocratic families such as the Crescentii and Tusculani in the region of Rome.
The Crescentii had another formidable enemy, whose power did not always extend to Rome, in the German kings and emperors of the Ottonian Saxon dynasty, notably Otto the Great and Henry II.
The failure of their bold attempt and the pontificate of the Tusculan pope Benedict VIII, whose powerful protector was the King of the Germans, Henry II, whom he crowned Emperor in Rome in 1014, forced the Crescentii out of Rome, retreating to the fortified strongholds.
Crescentii and 10th
Castel Sant ' Angelo was known in the 10th and 11th centuries as the Roman stronghold of the Crescentii ( domum Crescentii ).
Crescentii and their
After Sergius IV's death ( 1012 ), the Crescentii simply installed their candidate, Gregory, in the Lateran, without the assent of the cardinals.
Crescentii and .
Otto I died soon after Benedict's election in 973, and in 974 Benedict was imprisoned in the Castel Sant ' Angelo, at that time a stronghold of the Crescentii.
The Pope promoted peace in Italy by allying himself with the Normans, orchestrating the defeat of the Saracens in Sardinia and subjugating the Crescentii.
Several individuals named Crescentius who appear in the very scanty documentation of the period have been grouped together by historians as the " Crescentii.
It was the Crescentii who most threatened papal independence.
A struggle flared between the Crescentii and the rival Tusculani.
clan and modern
It is much more likely that he was a chieftain, or local clan leader, and the polity he ruled would have only encompassed a small portion of modern day Japan.
It is much more likely that he was a chieftain, or local clan leader, and the polity he ruled would have only encompassed a small portion of modern day Japan.
The support given by the Highland clans to the Jacobite rebellion led London to act decisively after harshly suppressing the rebellion in 1746: the new policy was to systematically destroy the old clan system and to encourage or force the chiefs into becoming modern landlords.
In Roman times, all citizens were divided by gens ( clan ) and familia ( sept ), determined on a purely patrilineal basis, in the same way as the modern inheritance of surnames.
At the time Scott wrote, Scotland was poised to move away from an era of socially divisive clan warfare to a modern world of literacy and industrial capitalism.
The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe ( proto-Mongol people ) is politically separated from the Chinese dynasties established in Jiankang ( modern Nanjing ).
The Ashina clan migrated from Li-jien ( modern Zhelai Zhai ) to the Juan Juan seeking inclusion in their confederacy and protection from the prevalent dynasty.
It's said that those Alans contributed to a modern Mongol clan, Asud.
The oldest state, which has no name, was probably established by the Renge lineages of the Singa clan and covered most of modern Rwanda, besides the northern region.
In each case, the community unit at hand — the clan or extended family in the Muslim world, the economically homogeneous subdivision in modern suburbia — isolates itself from the larger urban scene by using dead ends and culs-de-sac.
Until modern times, the dwellings of the Xibe housed up to three different generations from a same family, since it was believed that while the father was alive no son could break the family clan and to the house.
During the Sengoku period, the Nagao clan, who were at times vassals to the Uesugi, ruled a fief in the western part of modern Niigata from Kasugayama Castle.
In the little time since then they made incredible inroads within vampiric society and are arguably the most powerful clan in the modern nights.
However, the badges attributed to clans today can be completely unsuitable for even modern clan gatherings.
The dispute was between members of the O ' Connor clan ( i. e., sept ) in King's county ( modern County Offaly ), who were persuaded by two judges ( referred to in the account below ) to bring the matter before the Irish privy council for resolution.
Titi Winterstein and several members of Reinhardt's clan still play traditional and modern Gypsy jazz all over Europe.
Liu Yan, a descendant of a distant branch of the Han imperial clan, who lived in his ancestral territory of Chongling ( 舂陵, in modern Xiangfan, Hubei ), had long been disgusted by Wang Mang's usurpation of the Han throne, and had long aspired to start a rebellion.
The Huna had already established themselves in Afghanistan and the modern North-West Frontier Province of present day Pakistan by the first half of the fifth century, and the Gupta emperor Skandagupta had repelled a Hūna invasion in 455 before the Hephthalite clan came along.
Enomoto was born as a member of a samurai family in the direct service of the Tokugawa clan in the Shitaya district of Edo ( modern Taito, Tokyo ).
However, modern research indicated that this incident might actually have been an excuse for the Shogunate to take the Dutch trade away from the Hirado clan.
It was dominated before the Battle of Sekigahara by the Mori clan, and after Sekigahara, it was an independent fief with a castle town at modern Matsue.
Liu Yan, a descendant of a distant branch of the Han imperial clan, who lived in his ancestral territory of Chongling ( 舂陵, in modern Xiangfan, Hubei ), had long been disgusted by Wang Mang's usurpation of the Han throne, and had long aspired to start a rebellion.
Only the family vault at Dunalastair is still in the possession of the family of Struan ; however, many modern properties have been added to the clan land.
The Chōshū clan was equipped with mostly antiquated cannons firing cannonballs, but also some modern armament, such as five Dahlgren guns, which had been presented to Japan by the United States, and three steam warships of American construction ; the bark, Daniel Webster of six guns, the brig Lanrick, or Kosei, with ten guns and the steamer Lancefield, or Koshin, of four guns.
Today, traditional clan locations, language groups and borders are no longer in use and descendents of Wurundjeri people live within modern day society.
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