The Dawes Commission, set up under an Indian Office appropriation bill in 1893, was created, not to administer the Dawes Act, but to attempt to get the Five Civilized Tribes, which were excluded under the Dawes Act, to agree to an allotment plan.

Angie Debo's landmark work, And Still the Waters Run: The Betrayal of the Five Civilized Tribes ( completed 1936, published 1940 ), detailed how the allotment policy of the Dawes Act ( as later extended to apply to the Five Civilized Tribes through such devices as the Dawes Commission and the Curtis Act of 1898 ) was systematically manipulated to deprive the Native Americans of their lands and resources.

Many of these were legally adopted into the Choctaw Nation in 1885, thus qualifying for land allotments by the Dawes Commission.

During his term as Chief, the Dawes Commission of 1902 / 1906 divided the Cherokee lands into allotments of approximately 110 acres per household, breaking up the communal lands.

At the time of allotments to individual households under the Dawes Commission, Creek Freedmen were registered as such on the Dawes Rolls ( even if they were of mixed-race and also descended directly from Creek ancestors.

In preparation for Oklahoma's being admitted as a state, the Dawes Commission was authorized in 1896 to work with the Five Civilized Tribes to enroll their members for allotments of tribal land to individual households.

As a result of negotiations with the Congress appointed Dawes Commission regarding the allotment of tribal lands in 1898, the Creek courts ’ jurisdiction was turned over to the Federal government.

In addition, by changing allotment policy under the Dawes Act and authorizing sales under the Agreement with the Cheyenne and Arapaho ( 1890 ) and the Agreement with the Comanche, Kiowa and Apache ( 1892 ) signed with the Cherokee Commission, the Congress effectively further reduced their reservation territory.

He was later appointed to manage the industry section of the Inter-Allied Commission that enacted the Dawes Plan in Berlin.

To simultaneously defuse this situation and increase the chances of Germany resuming reparation payments, the Allied Reparations Commission asked Dawes to find a solution fast.

These tribal land holdings were broken into individual allotments under the Dawes Act, which was to encourage the Indians to assimilate to European-American cultural ways, with a June 12, 1890 agreement with the Cherokee Commission.

The Dawes Rolls ( or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls ) were created by the Dawes Commission.

More than 250, 000 people applied for membership, and the Dawes Commission enrolled just over 100, 000.

Also, many non Indians of white ancestry applied to the Dawes Commission trying to pass themselves off as Indian but were later rejected.

The American Dawes Commission, named for its first chairman Henry L. Dawes, was authorized under a rider to an Indian Office appropriation bill, March 3, 1893.

Dawes and Tench had befriended the Aboriginals, and Dawes was even reported to have engaged in a relationship with an Aboriginal woman.

Charles G. Dawes, a prominent Republican businessman, was nominated for vice-president instead.

In the few primaries that mattered, Hoover did not perform as well as expected, and it was thought that the president or Vice-President Charles G. Dawes might accept a draft in case of a deadlock, but Lowden withdrew just as the convention was about to start, paving the way for a Hoover victory.

Dawes Act was amended in 1891 and again in 1906 by the Burke Act.

The Act was named for its sponsor, Senator Henry Laurens Dawes of Massachusetts.

The stated objective of the Dawes Act was to stimulate assimilation of Indians into American society.

They wanted nothing more than to rid themselves forever of their “ Indian problem ,” to relieve themselves of their impoverished, uncivilized counterparts and replace them with independent Americanized Christian agricultural society, and so on February 8, 1887, the Dawes Allotment Act was signed into law by President Grover Cleveland.

Responsible for enacting the division of the American native reserves, the Dawes Act was created by reformers in hope of achieving at least six accomplishments: the breaking up of tribes as a social unit, encouraging individual initiatives, furthering the progress of native farmers, reducing the cost of native administration, securing parts of the reservations as Indian land, and finally opening the remainder of the land to white settlers for profit.

In 1891 the Dawes Act was amended:

Hoover's reasons for his surprising reorganization of the RFC included: the broken health and resignations of Eugene Meyer, Paul Bestor, and Charles Gates Dawes ; the failure of banks to perform their duties to their clientele or to aid American industry ; the country's general lack of confidence in the current board ; and Hoover's inability to find any other man who had the ability and was both nationally respected and available.

Charles Gates Dawes ( August 27, 1865 – April 23, 1951 ) was an American banker and politician who was the 30th Vice President of the United States ( 1925 – 29 ).

For his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations he was a cowinner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925.

Dawes served in the First World War, was the Comptroller of the Currency, the first director of the Bureau of the Budget, and, in later life, the Ambassador to the United Kingdom.

Dawes was married to Caro Blymyer on January 24, 1889, and they had four children: Rufus Fearing Dawes, Carolyn Dawes, Dana McCutcheon, and Virginia Dawes.

Coolidge quickly accepted the delegates ' choice and felt that Dawes would be loyal to him and make a strong addition to his campaign.

Under the Dawes Act, by 1907 members of the tribes were registered and allotted individual plots of land per household.

Dawes reduced government spending by $ 1. 5 billion his first year as director, a 25 % reduction, along with another 25 % reduction the following year.

The project began in 1992 when David Wexelblat, Glenn Lai, David Dawes and Jim Tsillas joined forces addressing bugs in the source code of the X386 X server ( written by Thomas Roell ), as contributed to X11R5.

* April 18 – American Revolution: Paul Revere and William Dawes, instructed by Dr. Joseph Warren, ride from Boston to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Sam Adams that British forces are coming to take them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons and ammunition in Concord.

The important provisions of the Dawes Act were: ( 1 ) A head of family would receive a grant of, a single person or orphan under 18 years of age would receive a grant of, and persons under the age of 18 would receive each ; ( 2 ) the allotments would be held in trust by the U. S. Government for 25 years ; ( 3 ) Eligible Indians had four years to select their land ; afterwards the selection would be made for them by the Secretary of the Interior.

Allotment of the lands of these tribes would subsequently be mandated by the Act of 1891 which amplified the provisions of the Dawes Act.

The Dawes Act had a negative effect on American Indians, as it ended their communal holding of property by which they had ensured that everyone had a home and a place in the tribe.

After considerable debate, Congress terminated the allotment process under the Dawes Act by enacting the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (" Wheeler-Howard Act ").

From 1909 to 1951, Charles G. Dawes lived in this Charles G. Dawes House | house at 225 Greenwood St. in Evanston, Illinois, which was built in 1894 by Robert Sheppard.

Following McKinley's election, Dawes was rewarded for his efforts by being named Comptroller of the Currency, United States Department of the Treasury.

Inspired by his son's charity, Dawes wrote,

* Notes As Vice President 1928 – 1929 by Charles G. Dawes

* Portrait Of An American by Charles G. Dawes

In the Nebraska license plate system, Dawes County is represented by the prefix 69 ( it had the sixty-ninth-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922 ).

By 1794 Highbury consisted of Highbury House and Highbury Hill House, Highbury Barn and the gated terraces of Highbury Terrace and Highbury Place, which had been built on land leased by John Dawes.

The city is also the setting for the novel " Ravens " by the author George Dawes Green.

At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, on April 19, 1775, a company of minutemen from Acton responded to the call to arms initiated by Paul Revere ( who rode with other riders, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott, with Prescott the only one of the three who was able reach Acton itself ) and fought at the North Bridge in Concord as part of the Battle of Lexington and Concord.

The Fixicos had no legal right at the time to sell their holding, as enrollment of tribal members on the Dawes Roll continued until 1906, and no land sales were to take place by Indians until it was completed.

* Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, translated by Elizabeth A. Dawes in 1928