Certain indigenous Dayak people ( such as the Kayan, Kenyah, Lun Bawang / Lun Dayeh, Punan Bah and Penan ) living on the island have been struggling for decades for their right to preserve their environment from loggers and transmigrant settlers and colonists.

Since the 1990s, violent conflict has occurred between some transmigrant and indigenous populations ; in Kalimantan, thousands were killed in fighting between Madurese transmigrants and the indigenous Dayak people.

While working in Borneo in 1911, Gardner eschewed the racist attitudes of his colleagues by befriended members of the Dayak indigenous community, fascinated by their magico-religious beliefs, tattoos and displays of weaponry.

The Dayak people of Borneo possess an indigenous account of their history, partly in writing and partly in common cultural customary practices.

During World War II, the Japanese occupied Borneo and treated all of the indigenous peoples poorly-massacres of the Malay and Dayak peoples were common, especially among the Dayaks of the Kapit Division.

There have been serious outbreaks of inter-ethnic violence on the island of Kalimantan since 1997, involving the indigenous Dayak peoples and immigrants from the island of Madura.

UMNO sees itself as Malay nationalist, moderate Islamist and conservative representing the Malays of Malaysia, although any Bumiputra ( indigenous Malaysian, a category which includes people such as the non-Malay and usually non-Muslim Kadazan, Iban, Dayak, etc.

Even more broadly they are included in the term ' Dayak ', which includes all of Sarawak's indigenous people.

In central and southern Kalimantan, a large Hindu movement has grown among the local indigenous Dayak population which lead to a mass declaration of ' Hinduism ' on this island in 1980.

Malaysian Dayak Congress ( MDC ) is a political party in Malaysia representing the Dayak indigenous population.

Kaharingan, an animist folk religion of the Iban branch of the Dayak people, accepted as a form of Hinduism by the Indonesian government, includes the belief of a supreme deity as well as the rooster and cockfight in relation to that of the spiritual and religious and some with the belief that humans become the fighting cocks of god, with the Iban further believing the rooster and cockfight was introduced to them by god.

Nevertheless, these generalizations fail to convey the distinctiveness, meaningfulness, richness and depth of Dayak religion, myth and teachings.

The practice of Kaharingan differs from group to group, but shamans, specialists in ecstatic flight to other spheres, are central to Dayak religion, and serve to bring together the various realms of Heaven ( Upper-world ) and earth, and even Under-world, for example healing the sick by retrieving their souls which are journeying on their way to the Upper-world land of the dead, accompanying and protecting the soul of a dead person on the way to their proper place in the Upper-world, presiding over annual renewal and agricultural regeneration festivals, etc.

Among the non-Balinese communities considered to be Hindu by the government are, for example, the Dayak adherents of the Kaharingan religion in Kalimantan Tengah, where government statistics counted Hindus as 15. 8 % of the population.

The main dependence on subsistence and mid-scale agriculture by the Dayak has made this group active in this industry.

Although, in Dayak Iban society, men and women possess equal rights in status and property ownership, political office has strictly been the occupation of the traditional Iban Patriarch.

Dayak has scored eight goals and added seven assists in his seven years in the league.

Since June 2, 2005, Dayak has been the Technical Director of the Livermore Youth Soccer League. Livermore, California.

The best-publicicized conflict has been on Kalimantan, where thousands were killed in fighting between the Madurese and the Dayak people during the late 1990s.

It has a large population of Chinese alongside the native Malay and Dayak local ethnic groups, living alongside Javanese, Bugis, Batak, Minang, Madurese, Sundanese, Balinese, Ambonese and Papuan migrating from all over the country.

This may have given rise to the term, Sea Dayak, although, throughout the 19th Century, Sarawak Government raids and independent expeditions appeared to have been carried out as far as Brunei, Mindanao, East coast Malaya, Jawa and Celebes.

Some of these migrant groups have been the subject of conflict with Dayak communities.

Overall Dayak leadership in any given region, is marked by titles, a Penghulu for instance would have invested authority on behalf of a network of Tuai Rumah's, and so on to a Temenggung or Panglima.

A movable platform is being provided for the centre of the stadium, so that, without discomfort, some five thousand will be able to witness the Dayak and other native dances which will be given there.

Besides leading the Tuareg rebellion ( which he led from his base in the Adrar de Bouss ), Mano Dayak made name as the writer of several important books on Tuareg culture and politics.

The word Gawai means a ritual or festival whereas Dayak is a collective name for the native ethnic groups of Sarawak ( and neighboring Indonesian Kalimantan ): the Iban, also known as Sea Dayak and the Bidayuh people, also known as Land Dayak.

A few practise a distinct Dayak form of Kaharingan, known as Liko.

As a result, followers of various native animistic religions such as Dayak Kaharingan have identified themselves as Hindu in order to avoid pressure to convert to Islam or Christianity.

Compared to their counterparts among Javanese Hindus, many Dayak leaders were also more deeply concerned about Balinese efforts to standardize Hindu ritual practice nationally ; fearing a decline of their own unique ' Hindu Kaharingan ' traditions and renewed external domination.

The phenomenon of male lactation occurs in some other species, notably the Dayak fruit bat ( Dyacopterus spadiceus ), and the lactating males may assist in the nursing of their infants.

Houses described as above may be used by the Iban Sea Dayak and Melanau Sea Dayak.

Gawai Dayak celebrations may last for several days.

In the early 1970s, the Toraja people of Sulawesi were the first to be identified under the umbrella of ' Hinduism ', followed by the Karo Batak of Sumatra in 1977 and the Ngaju Dayak of Kalimantan in 1980.

" String figures are probably one of humanity's oldest games, and is spread among an astonishing variety of cultures, even ones as unrelated as Europeans and the Dayaks of Indonesia ; Alfred Wallace who, while traveling in Borneo in the 1800s, thought of amusing the Dayak youths with a novel game with string, was in turn very surprised when they proved to be familiar with it, and showed him some figures and transitions that he hadn ’ t previously seen.

Women of the Dayak in Sarawak prefer men with an Ampallang piercing, claiming that intercourse without would be dull:

Although at first glance the manufacture of threaded jewelry might appear to be of contemporary origin, there are examples of externally threaded, straight barbells being used by tribal people, most notably the Dayak of Borneo.

These are still to be found decorating the walls of Kenyah Dayak longhouses in East Kalimantan's Apo Kayan region.

In the early seventies, the Toraja people of Sulawesi were the first to be identified under the umbrella of ' Hinduism ', followed by the Karo Batak of Sumatra in 1977 and the Ngaju Dayak of Kalimantan in 1980.

Organised Dayak political representation in the Indonesian State first appeared during the Dutch administration, in the form of the Dayak Unity Party ( Parti Persatuan Dayak ) in the 30s and 40s.

* June 1: Ngabayotn is celebrated by the Dayak people to celebrate the closing form of rice harvest and beginning of the cultivation season ;

It is an important refuge for many endemic forest species, including the Asian Elephant, the Sumatran Rhinoceros, the Bornean Clouded Leopard, the Hose's Civet and the Dayak Fruit Bat.

Dayak people | Dayaks, the natives of Borneo in their traditional war dress.

Headhunting was an important part of Dayak culture.

The Malay and Sea Dayak pirates preyed on maritime shipping in the waters between Singapore and Hong Kong from their haven in Borneo.

The population mainly consists of Malays, Banjar, Chinese and Dayak ethnic groups.

In the northwest of Borneo, the Dayak ethnic group is represented by the Iban with about 710, 000 members.

There are over 30 Dayak sub-ethnic groups living in Borneo, making the population of this island one of the most varied of human social groups.

Of the 9 Airports with paved runways, 2 with paved strips from 2, 438 to 3, 047 m: Diori Hamani International Airport and Mano Dayak International Airport.

Gawai Dayak a festival of the Dayaks includes the cockfight and the waving of a rooster over offerings while asking for guidance and blessings with the rooster being sacrificed and the blood included in spiritual offering, while the Tiwah festival involves the sacrifice of many animals including the chicken as offerings to the Supreme God.

The earliest inhabitants of East Malaysia are the Dayak people and other related ethnic groups such as the Dusun people.

The Orang laut pirates controlled shipping in the Straits of Malacca and the waters around Singapore, and the Malay and Sea Dayak pirates preyed on maritime shipping in the waters between Singapore and Hong Kong from their haven in Borneo.

Vaγimba-" Those of the forest " in Proto – Southeast Barito ( a former Austronesian language whose modern branch called " Barito languages " includes the Malagasy language | Malagasy and the languages spoken by the Dayak people | Dayaks peoples of the Barito river in South Kalimantan | Borneo: ma ' anyan language | Ma ' anyan, Dusun Deyah, Dusun Malang, Dusun Witu, and Paku.

* the Malagasy language, common to the whole island, which shares many common roots with the Barito and Dayak languages of South Borneo, such as Ma ' anyan, and belongs to the Austronesian language family, with closest affinity to the Malayo-Polynesian languages of the Borneo.

* Mano Dayak, Touareg: La Tragedie, Paris: Éditions Lattes, 1992.

The Dayak or Dyak () are the native people of Borneo.

The first populations spoke closely related Austronesian languages, from which Dayak languages are traced.

The main ethnic groups of Dayaks are the Bakumpai and Dayak Bukit of South Kalimantan, The Ngajus, Baritos, Benuaqs of East Kalimantan, the Kayan and Kenyah groups and their subtribes in Central Borneo and the Ibans, Embaloh ( Maloh ), Kayan, Kenyah, Penan, Kelabit, Lun Bawang and Taman populations in the Kapuas and Sarawak regions.

In addition, colonial accounts and reports of Dayak activity in Borneo detail carefully cultivated economic and political relationships with other communities as well as an ample body of research and study considering historical Dayak migrations.

In particular, the Iban or the Sea Dayak exploits in the South China Seas are documented, owing to their ferocity and aggressive culture of war against sea dwelling groups and emerging Western trade interests in the 19th and 20th centuries.