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The Diamond Sūtra ( Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra ) of 868 CE, a Buddhist scripture discovered in 1907 inside the Mogao Caves, is the first dated example of block printing.
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Diamond and Sūtra
* The Diamond Sūtra, a woodblock printed Buddhist scripture dated 868, is discovered by Aurel Stein in the Mogao Caves in China ; it is " the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book ".
* May 11 – The Diamond Sūtra, the oldest known surviving dated book, is printed in China.
* The Diamond Sūtra, a woodblock printed Buddhist scripture dated 868, is discovered by Aurel Stein at the Mogao Caves, near Dunhuang in China ; it is " the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book ".
Among the most important texts translated by Kumārajīva are the Diamond Sutra, Amitabha Sutra, Lotus Sutra, the Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, Mahāprajñāpāramitā Upadeśa which was a commentary ( attributed to Nagarjuna ) on the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra.
Among the most well-known are his translations of the Diamond Sutra, the Amitabha Sutra, the Lotus Sutra, the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra, the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, and the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra.
Nan Huaijin identifies the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra and the Diamond Sūtra ( Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra ) as the principle texts of the Chán school, and summarizes the principles succinctly:
The Platform Sūtra cites and explains a wide range of Buddhist scriptures: the Diamond Sūtra, the Lotus Sūtra ( Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra ), the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra, the Śūraṅgama Sūtra, the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana-sutra, and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra.
Hu Shi, an important figure in Chinese language reform in the early 20th century, wrote that the Vimalakīrti Sūtra was among Kumārajīva's three most influential translations ( the other two being the Diamond Sūtra and Lotus Sūtra ).
The Diamond Sūtra is a short and well-known Mahāyāna sūtra from the Prajñāpāramitā, or " Perfection of Wisdom " genre, and emphasizes the practice of non-abiding and non-attachment ; it has been compared in depth and importance and canonical relevance to the Sermon On The Mount
A copy of the Chinese version of Diamond Sūtra, found among the Dunhuang manuscripts in the early 20th century and dated back to May 11, 868, is, in the words of the British Library, " the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book.
" In English, shortened forms such as Diamond Sūtra and Vajra Sūtra are common.
Diamond and Prajñāpāramitā
A handful of them, such as the Prajñāpāramitā sutras like the Heart Sutra and the Diamond Sutra, are considered fundamental by most Mahāyāna traditions.
Diamond and 868
The earliest dated example is the Diamond Sutra of 868.
* 868 – A copy of the Diamond Sutra is printed in China, making it oldest known dated printed book.
It was there that he discovered the Diamond Sutra, the world's oldest printed text which has a date ( corresponding to AD 868 ), along with 40, 000 other scrolls ( all removed by gradually winning the confidence of the Taoist caretaker ).
* First known printed book, the Diamond Sutra, printed in China using woodblock printing in 868 AD.
The intricate frontispiece of the Diamond Sutra from Tang Dynasty China, 868 A. D. ( British Library )
By the ninth century printing on paper had taken off, and the first extant complete printed book containing its date is the Diamond Sutra ( British Library ) of 868.
A copy of the Diamond Sutra, a key Buddhist text, found sealed in a cave in China in the early 20th century, is the oldest known dated printed book, with a printed date of 868.
The Diamond Sutra of the China | Chinese Tang Dynasty, the oldest dated printed book in the world, found at Dunhuang, from 868 CE.
The oldest extant printed book is a Tang Dynasty work of the Diamond Sutra and dates back to 868.
The intricate frontispiece of the Diamond Sutra from Tang Dynasty China, the world's earliest dated printed book, AD 868 ( British Museum )
The world's earliest dated ( AD 868 ) printed book is a Chinese scroll about sixteen feet long and containing the text of the Diamond Sutra.
The Chinese invention of Woodblock printing, at some point before the first dated book in 868 ( the Diamond Sutra ), produced the world's first print culture.
The intricate frontispiece of the Diamond Sutra from Tang Dynasty China, AD 868 ( British Museum )
* Aurel Stein discovers the Diamond Sūtra, a woodblock printed Buddhist scripture dated 868, at the Mogao Caves, near Dunhuang ; it is " the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book ".
Diamond and CE
Image: Stepped Diamond floorplan of Dattatreya Temple at Chattarki in Gulbarga district. svg | Stepped floorplan of Dattatreya Temple ( one side of the shrine ) with five projections at Chattarki in Gulbarga district, 12th century CE
Diamond and Buddhist
The following year he came across two Buddhist texts — the Diamond Sutra and the Platform Sutra — and concluded that he had always been a Buddhist.
At this time, the terms Vajrayāna (" Diamond Vehicle ") and Mantrayāna (" Mantra Vehicle ") were not used for esoteric Buddhist teachings.
Shingon teachings contain Esoteric teachings ( such as the Rishukyo ) as well as Exoteric teachings ( such as the Diamond Sutra ), and are in all likelihood also the most secretive Buddhist teachings in the world.
The Triratna Buddhist Community ( formerly the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order ), was founded by Sangharakshita in 1967, and the Diamond Way Organisation founded by Ole Nydahl, who has founded more than 600 buddhist centers across the world.
Vajrayana is translated as " Thunderbolt Way " or " Diamond Way " and can imply the thunderbolt experience of Buddhist enlightenment or bodhi.
In Rostov-on-Don are the Roman Catholic " Church of the Lord's Supper ", the Old Believers ' temple, a synagogue a mosque, Armenian and Greek churches, and the Diamond Way Buddhist Center of the Karma Kagyu Tradition.
Buddhist Wisdom Books: Containing the " Diamond Sutra " and the " Heart Sutra " ( New edition ).
But although Huángbò often railed against traditional Buddhist textual practices, pointing to the necessity of direct experience over sutra study, his record shows that he was familiar with a wide selection of Buddhist doctrines and texts, including the Diamond Sutra, the Vimalakīrti Sutra and the Lotus Sutra.
The Diamond Realm Mandala is based on an esoteric Buddhist sutra called the Vajrasekhara Sutra.
In traditional Shingon Buddhist halls, the Diamond Realm Mandala is hung on the west wall symbolizing the final realization of Mahāvairocana Buddha.
This mandala, along with the Diamond Realm, form the core of Japanese esoteric, or Shingon Buddhist, rituals, including the initiation or abhiseka ritual.
However, his real achievement over the following twenty years was to translate over thirty texts comprising the Prajnaparamita sutras, including two of the most well-known of all Buddhist texts, the Diamond Sutra and the Heart Sutra.
In the Mahayana Buddhist canon, the Diamond Sutra presents an accessible nondual view of " self " and " beings ", while the Heart Sutra asserts shunyata – the " emptiness " of all " form " and simultaneously the " form " of all " emptiness ".
Along reading Buddhist sutras such as Sutra of The Great Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, Amitabha Sutra or Diamond Sutra, Ritsu offer refuge, Pure Land Buddhists nianfo and Tibetan Buddhists chant Om mani padme hum repeatedly.
With his wife, Hannah Nydahl, he founded Diamond Way Buddhism, a worldwide Karma Kagyu Buddhist organization of lay practitioners.
According to Buddhism Today, the Diamond Way Buddhist magazine, " hierarchical systems will not sell with independent people in the West.
In Germany alone, the German Buddhist Union, ( Deutsche Buddhistische Union ) estimates that about 20, 000 persons regularly visit the Diamond Way centers and groups.
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