Domestication theory is an approach in science and technology studies and media studies that describes the processes by which innovations, especially new technology is ' tamed ' or appropriated by its users.

The Domestication approach has roots in cultural studies of media use, but is informed by Science and technology studies, gender studies of household technology, sociology of everyday life, consumption studies and innovation studies, and has been most widely used in studying the mass adoption of computers, internet and mobile phones.

As a strand of the Social shaping of technology approach to understanding how technology is created, Domestication theory highlights the role of users in innovation-the work done by individuals and communities in order to make a technology from the outside do practical work, and make sense within that community.

The Domestication approach uses a number of different concepts to distinguish various aspects of the process.

Darwin called his Lamarckian hypothesis Pangenesis, and explained it in the final chapter of his book Variation in Plants and Animals under Domestication, after describing numerous examples to demonstrate what he considered to be the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Domestication studies are generally done using qualitative methods, such as long interviews and ethnography to explore the emerging meanings of technologies, and the changing routines, and conflicts that would not normally be accessible to quantitative methods.

Domestication usually means close and frequent contact between animals and people, which is an opportunity for diseases of domestic animals to mutate and migrate into the human population.

He also translated Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold's Wahre Parthenogenesis bei Schmetterlingen und Bienen ( 1856 ) into English as On a true parthenogenesis in moths and bees and created the index for Charles Darwin's The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication.

The domestication, as Charles Darwin remarks ( The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication i. 287 ), is of very ancient date, with archaeological evidence for domesticated geese in Egypt more than 4, 000 years ago.

Domestication of poaceous cereal crops such as maize ( corn ), wheat, millets, and rice lay at the foundation of sedentary living and civilization around the world, and the Poaceae still constitute the most economically important plant family in modern times, providing forage, building materials ( bamboo, thatch ) and fuel ( ethanol ) as well as food.

Other trainers point out that the very act of catching and training horses is not " natural " at all, that everything people do with horses is not actually " natural " to the horse, although other authors such as Scanlon indicate that " Domestication < nowiki > the horse was a natural consequence ... for those .. who were more curious, less territorial, less aggressive, more dependant </ nowiki > better able to deflect human aggression through submission ".

* Thomas Berker, Maren Hartmann, Yves Punie, Katie Ward ( 2006 ), Domestication of Media and Technology, London: Open University Press

Darwin challenged the validity of Galton's experiment, giving his reasons in an article published in ' Nature ' where he wrote: " Now, in the chapter on Pangenesis in my Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, I have not said one word about the blood, or about any fluid proper to any circulating system.

More detail was given in Darwin's 1868 book on The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, which tried to explain heredity through his hypothesis of pangenesis.

He then went on, in his seminal book The Domestication of Europe ( 1990 ), to use structuralist ideas to come up with his theory that within Neolithic Europe, there was a dichotomy between field ( agrios ) and house ( domus ), with this duality being mediated by a boundary ( foris ).

When writing The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication in 1866, Darwin intended to include a chapter including man in his theory, but the book became too big and he decided to write a separate " short essay " on ape ancestry, sexual selection and human expression, which became The Descent of Man.

Darwin wrote on page 6 of The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication published in 1868, " This preservation, during the battle for life, of varieties which possess any advantage in structure, constitution, or instinct, I have called Natural Selection ; and Mr. Herbert Spencer has well expressed the same idea by the Survival of the Fittest.

" In his book The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, Darwin described a hybrid ass-zebra specimen in the British Museum as being dappled on its flanks.

As the battles raged, Darwin returned home from the spa to proceed with experiments on chloroforming carnivorous sundew plants, looking over his Natural Selection manuscript and drafting two chapters on pigeon breeding that would eventually form part of The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication.

A spinal freezing treatment seemed to help, and Darwin pressed on with his Variation Under Domestication.

The proofs were finished on 15 November, and The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication went on sale on 30 January 1868, thirteen years after Darwin had begun his experiments on breeding and stewing the bones of pigeons.

Nevertheless, while preparing the text of The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication in 1866, Darwin took the decision to focus his public statement of evolutionary biology with a book on human ancestry, sexual selection and secondary sexual characteristics including emotional expression.

He had by then hurriedly published an " abstract " of this work as On the Origin of Species in 1859, and following the immediate reaction to Darwin's theory the work of Darwin from Orchids to Variation had included showing the utility of the flowers of Orchids in directing insect pollination to achieve cross fertilisation, and a summing up of thirteen years of experiments in The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication which went on sale on 30 January 1868.

Now Darwin turned to work on a new edition of The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication incorporating additions from the hundreds of letters and scores of monographs that had been sent to Darwin in the seven years since it had been published.

* Vuojarvi, H., Isomaki, H., & Hynes, D. ( 2010 ) Domestication of a laptop on a wireless campus: a case study in Australasian Journal of Educational Technologies Volume 26 Number 2 ( 250-267 ) Spring 2010

Domestication of moose was investigated in the Soviet Union before World War II.

Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6000 BC.

* Variation under Domestication, From: Freeman, R. B.

In his 1859 The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin recalls seeing coloured drawings of zebra-donkey hybrids, and mentions " Lord Moreton's famous hybrid from a chesnut mare and male quagga ..." Darwin mentioned this particular hybrid again in 1868 in The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, and provides a citation to the journal in which Lord Morton first described the breeding.

Domestication may also be a viable method of successful conservation, though some argue it should not be the only form.

Darwin researched how the skulls of different pigeon breeds varied, as shown in his Variation of Plants and Animals Under Domestication of 1868.

* Domestication of the horse with the coming of Indo-Europeans in central Eurasia.

* Middle East: Domestication of the cow.

* c. 8000 BC — Asia — Domestication of the pig in China and Turkey

* c. 8000 BC — Middle East — Domestication of goats

Domestication of animals requires certain traits in the animal that antelope do not typically display.

Dogs and sheep were among the first animals to be Domestication | domesticated.

* 7000 BC – Domestication of cattle and chicken in Mehrgarh, Pakistan.

* 5000 BC – Domestication of the horse in Ukraine.

Domestication most likely took place in the western Yunnan region of China.

Domestication ( from Latin ) is the process whereby a population of animals or plants is changed at the genetic level through a process of selection, in order to accentuate traits that benefit humans.

Domestication of nature is not only desirable, but necessary for study.

* Domestication of horses.

From Petitions to Partyism: Antislavery and the Domestication of Maine Politics in the 1840s and 1850s.

In The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication Charles Darwin noted: " The Genetta has bred both here and in the Jardin des Plantes, and produced hybrids.