The Duchy's army existed and operated under most difficult circumstances and its success depended largely on the military and political skills of the chief commander.

A rich and powerful magnate, he was known for his wisdom as a statesman, lawyer and military commander, he was one of the greatest leaders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the times of the Duchy's highest cultural flourishing.

1807 – 1815-Duchy of Warsaw: puppet state in ally with the First French Empire: various Polish formations fighting within the French army, the Duchy's forces took part in the invasion on the Russian state: Battle of Borodino, Battle of Berezina ; 1815 – 1830-the puppet Polish Kingdom, ruled by tsars ( kings of Poland ), with some autonomy, especially separate armed forces, which fought in the Polish-Russian War 1830 – 1831, largely known as the November Uprising ; after the war the Kingdom became officially part of the Russian Empire, hence all Polish forces were disbanded. The Polish under the rule of Berlin and Vienna had no military formations of their own until World War I.

This position, however, was purely theoretical, as Dalberg's abdication was due to his Grand Duchy's imminent conquest by the Allied armies.

Basically, the population in these provinces came to the same legal system as the Grand Duchy, including its Constitution and General Law, although some privileges took time to adapt, and so-called donated estates ( owned by Russian noblemen ) in Karelia were a headache that was resolved slowly by monetary compensations from the Grand Duchy's Treasury.

Whilst during the 14th century the Grand Duke owned about ⅔ of the Duchy's land, by 1569 he was a direct owner of only ⅓.

Officially established as a studium generale by the Holy Roman emperor Charles IV ( r. 1355-78 ) in 1361, the institution was enlarged and renovated by the duke of Milan, Gian Galeazzo Visconti ( ruled 1385-1402 ), becoming the Duchy's sole university.

The Duchy's lessee of the mineral rights at the end of the sixteenth century, Gilbert, Earl of Shrewsbury, had established his right to the dues of lot and cope against attempts by local landowners to assert right to mines on their land.

After forming an association with Poland — including both the dynastic union ( 1385 – 1569 ) and the confederated Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 1569 – 1795 )— the Lithuanian Statutes were the Grand Duchy's greatest expression of independence.

He served as the Minister State Secretary of Finland, the Grand Duchy's highest representative, in St Petersburg 1812 – 14.

The Breton War of Succession ensues, and because it involves the King of France, the stage is set for the Duchy's eventual loss of independence, although this would take an additional hundred years.

The Grand Duchy's short existence came to an end with Napoleon's defeat in 1813 and the peace settlements that followed.

Although Nantes was the principal capital of the Duchy of Brittany until the sixteenth century, Rennes had been the seat of the Duchy's supreme court of justice between 1560 and 1789.

The early fourteenth century, an economic boom time for Brabant, marks the rise of the Duchy's towns, which depended on English wool for their essential cloth industry.

The district's territory comprises most of the former Duchy's territory north of the river Elbe, except of the Amt Neuhaus.

In 1828 the institution was moved from Turku after the Great Fire to Helsinki, in line with the relocation of the Grand Duchy's capital, and was finally named the University of Helsinki when Finland became a sovereign nation-state in 1917.

* Duke, gōng 公, which especially featured sovereign family members, though after changes of lines within an imperial or royal House or between dynasties, or through internal adoptions or coups, a Duchy's current rulers might have been severed from current imperial or royal sovereigns and have become a distinct lineage of their own ; high dukes might be styled, though not explicit " royal dukes " as in the English peerage.

After the Battle of Wagram, the ensuing Treaty of Schönbrunn allowed for a significant expansion of the Duchy's territory southwards with the regaining of once-Polish and Lithuanian lands.

The Sovereign is not entitled to the Duchy's capital, but the net revenues of the Duchy are the property of the Sovereign in right of her Duchy of Lancaster.

When in May 1822 the Duchy's Chief of Police, Giulio Besini, was assassinated, the tempo of arrests picked up, many were convicted, and a priest executed.

For historical reasons the structure of the industry was different in the High Peak where, mainly because of very long leases, there had been a blurring of the Duchy's authority, and the two largest landowners, the Manners and Cavendish families, maintained claims to mining rights and dues.

They would develop into the Duchy's parlement.

Landing in New York City, almost completely deserted above ground because of a city-wide disaster drill, the Duchy's invading " army " ( composed of the Field Marshal Tully Bascomb, three men-at-arms, and twenty longbowmen ) wanders to a top secret government lab and unintentionally captures the " Q-bomb " ( a prototype doomsday device that could destroy the world if triggered ) and its maker, Dr. Kokintz.

The union legalized the Grand Duchy's independence leaving Vytautas fully in charge of all Lithuanian affairs.

The Duchy's ships were undertaking trade voyages to the West Indies at least as early as 1637, when a Courland ship attempted to found a colony on Tobago with 212 settlers.

By maintaining the nuclear deterrent, but gearing American military forces to fight conventional wars too, Secretary of State Rusk junks bluff and nuclear brinkmanship and builds more muscle and greater safety into our military position.

Strategy and tactics of the U.S. military forces are now undergoing one of the greatest transitions in history.

Our military forces must be capable of contending successfully with any contingency which may be forced upon us, from limited emergencies to all-out nuclear general war.

With these keen `` eyes '' and small nuclear weapons delivered with accuracy, military forces can be directly attacked with minimum damage to urban areas.

Though he knew no more about military science and tactics than any other desk officer, he managed to get transferred to the combat forces.

About 16,000 military members of all branches of the armed forces will take part in the parade.

-- Two Americans and seven Cubans were executed by firing squads today as Castro military tribunals began decreeing the death penalty for captured invasion forces and suspected collaborators.

Beyond that, Allied disagreement about military intervention in Laos -- despite warnings that they might do so -- allowed Moscow to carry out with impunity a series of military and diplomatic moves that greatly strengthened the pro-Communist forces.

Vague in wording, it called for withdrawal of Belgian troops and authorized the Secretary-General `` to take the necessary steps to provide the ( Congolese ) Government with such military assistance as may be necessary, until, through the efforts of the Congolese Government with the technical assistance of the United Nations, the national security forces may be able, in the opinion of the Government, to meet fully their tasks.

Following a request by the government of Guinea-Bissau, Angola sent there a contingent of about 300 troops meant to help putting an end to the political-military unrest in that country, and to reorganize the local military forces.

Early in the Civil War, Confederate President Jefferson Davis decided that the Confederacy would attempt to hold as much of its territory as possible and he distributed its military forces around its borders and coasts.

Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired on a U. S. military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina.

During the war, the Azeri armed forces were also aided by Turkish military advisers, and Russian, Ukrainian, Chechen and Afghan mercenaries.

In a report released in 2012-01-19, Armenian military official site said that 36 Armenian soldiers died in 2011, and that only 10 of them were shot by Azerbaijani forces.

It was crushed through a series of military and political conquests, culminating in religious and political domination of Europe over the next 1, 000 years by Trinitarian forces in the Catholic Church.

In such cases, the Vikings were extremely vulnerable to pursuit by the king's joint military forces.

In 480, Aeschylus was called into military service again, this time against Xerxes I's invading forces at the Battle of Salamis, and perhaps, too, at the Battle of Plataea in 479.

) and ceramic or metal plates are common among police forces, security staff, corrections officers and some branches of the military.

* 1918 – The Battle of Ambos Nogales takes place between U. S. forces and Mexican Carrancistas aided by German military advisors.

He developed a reputation as a military commander during wars with Russia and the Ottoman Empire, as an early modernizer of Persia's armed forces and institutions, and for his death before his father, Fath Ali Shah.

Their position was that Clinton should have integrated the military by executive order, noting that President Harry Truman used executive order to racially desegregate the armed forces.

4655 into law on October 31, 1998, which instituted a policy of " regime change " against Iraq, though it explicitly stated it did not provide for direct intervention on the part of American military forces.

The previous Belarusian National Republic of March 1918 to 1919 did not have time to create armed forces in its brief existence, although attempts to create a military have been documented.