Most of the time, the executive was the center of reform, and the lower house of the parliament, State Duma, was a bastion of anti-reform communists and nationalists.

Polish Deputies were members of the Austrian State Council ( from 1867 ), and from 1906 were also elected to the Russian Imperial State Duma ( lower chamber ) and to the State Council ( upper chamber ).

The State Duma ( Russian: Государственная дума, Gosudarstvennaya Duma, common abbreviation: Госдума, Gosduma ) in Russia is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia ( parliament ), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia.

In the Russian Federation the lower house of parliament ( the State Duma ) may by a simple majority ( i. e. at least 226 votes out of 450 ) pass a motion of no confidence against the Government of Russia as a whole.

Each faction in the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament has the right to nominate a candidate for the presidential elections.

The President submits to the State Duma, the lower house of parliament, nominations for appointment to the office of the Chairman of the Central Bank, and shall likewise submit to the State Duma any proposal to relieve the Chairman of the Central Bank of his duties.

This legislature was composed of an upper house, known as the State Council, and a lower house, known as the State Duma.

The Legislative Assembly consists of the Oblast Duma, the lower house, and the House of Representatives, the upper house.

Since 1999, Kondakova has served as a deputy in the Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament.

Following his resignation from the position of Prime Minister, Stepashin joined the political party Yabloko for the Russian parliamentary elections of 1999 and was elected to the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament.

In the 1999 parliamentary elections the Union of Rightist Forces won 8. 6 % of the vote and 32 seats in the Russian State Duma ( lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia ).

The Duma was therefore widely seen as unrepresentative of the lower working classes, and the demands for a Constituent Assembly that would be elected on the basis of universal suffrage continued unabated.

He was elected to the lower house of the Russian parliament, the State Duma, in 1993.

The State Duma, the lower house of the Russian Parliament passed a motion of no confidence by 241 to 72.

State Council was the upper house of the parliament, while the State Duma of the Russian Empire was the lower house.

It consists of the State Duma, which is the lower house, and the Federation Council, which is the upper house.

The constitution also called for the creation of a bicameral legislature to be called the Federal Assembly, consisting of a lower house State Duma, and an upper house Federation Council.

As the upper house of the Federal Assembly, the Federation Council is viewed as a more formal chamber than the lower house State Duma.

In December 2003, Leonov was elected to the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, as a member of the nationalist Rodina party.

Nemtsov himself was elected to the State Duma, or lower house of Parliament, and consequently became its Deputy Speaker in February 2000.

* State Duma, the lower house of parliament of the Russian Federation

Although the Kadets, allied with the Progressive faction and the Octobrists, were able to push some liberal bills ( religious freedoms, freedom of the press and of the labor unions ) through the Duma, the bills were either diluted by the upper house of the parliament or vetoed by the Tsar.

What little the Duma could do after 1907 was often vetoed by the Tsar or the appointed upper house of the Russian parliament.

In these disputes, the Duma, with its appointed aristocratic-bureaucratic upper house, was sometimes more conservative than the government, and at other times it was more constitutionally minded.

With the defeat of the revolution in mid-1907 and the adoption of a new, highly restrictive election law, the Bolsheviks began debating whether to boycott the new parliament known as the Third Duma.

The October Manifesto granting civil liberties and establishing first State Duma | parliament.

In the chaos, members of the Imperial parliament or Duma assumed control of the country, forming the Russian Provisional Government.

Other provisions include the allowance of a broad participation in the Duma ( parliament ), the introduction of universal male suffrage, as well as a decree that no law should come into force without the consent of the Duma.

A prominent member of the Constitutional Democratic Party ( CD, the " Kadets "), Nabokov was elected to Russia's parliament, the First Duma.

The reformed parliament, known thereafter by its Tsarist era title of State Duma, was elected in 1994 and moved to another building on Moscow's Okhotny Ryad.

This, and overwhelming victories by left-wing political parties in Russia's first elected parliament, the State Duma, forced Witte to resign as Chairman of the Council of Ministers on 22 August 1906.

Currently there are four parties that make up the federal parliament, the State Duma, with one dominant party ( United Russia ).

Since 2007 he is a member of the Russian parliament, the State Duma, representing the pro-Kremlin United Russia party.

Although still the largest faction in the Duma, they no longer dominated the parliament and their attempts to concentrate on lawmaking were frustrated by radicals on the Left and on the Right who saw the Duma as a propaganda tool.

Nicholas unwillingly agreed, and issued what became known as the October Manifesto, promising basic civil rights and an elected parliament called the Duma, without whose approval no laws were to be enacted in Russia in the future.

In December 1999 Chernomyrdin was elected a member of the Duma ( Russian parliament ).

Before the Revolution, despite supporting political reform ( including Bolsheviks elected to the Duma, when opportune ), Lenin proposed that capitalism could ultimately only be overthrown with revolution, not with gradual reforms — from within ( Fabianism ) and from without ( social democracy ) — which would fail, because the ruling capitalist social class, who hold economic power ( the means of production ), determine the nature of political power in a bourgeois society.

* Stephen King ( 2008 ), Duma Key

The boyars occupied the highest state offices and, through a council ( Duma ), advised the Grand Duke.

It is also the term for a council to early Russian rulers ( Boyar Duma ), as well as for city councils in Imperial Russia (' Municipal dumas '), and city and regional legislative bodies in the Russian Federation.

Under Russia's 1993 constitution, there are 450 deputies of the State Duma ( Article 95 ), each elected to a term of four years ( Article 96 ); this was changed to a five-year term in late 2008.

Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin ( Eric Porter ), who succeeded Witte, has commissioned the Imperial Duma and granted some of the people ’ s requests in order to preserve the Russian Empire.

Image: Louis Duma IMG_0592. JPG |< center > Louis Dumas ( 1856 – 1923 ), the founder of Dumas, ca.

" In short, the Tsar no longer had the support of the military, the nobility or the Duma ( collectively the élites ), at the same time as the legitimacy of the monarchy with the Russian people was at a low ebb.

As the Provisional Government was not a publicly elected body ( having been self-proclaimed by committee members of the old Duma ), it lacked the political legitimacy to question this arrangement and instead arranged for elections to be held later.

At the 1906 First Duma elections, the Bund made an electoral agreement with the Lithuanian Labourers ' Party ( Trudoviks ), which resulted in the election to the Duma of two ( apparently non-Bundist ) candidates supported by the Bund: Dr. Shmaryahu Levin for the Vilnius province and Leon Bramson for the Kaunas province.

In total, there were twelve Jewish deputies in the Duma, falling to three in the Second Duma ( February 1907 to June 1907 ), two in the Third Duma ( 1907 – 1912 ) and again three in the fourth, elected in 1912, none of them being affiliated to the Bund.

The State Duma ( Gosudarstvennaja Duma ) has 450 members, elected for five-year terms ( also four years up to December 2008 ), all of them by proportional representation.

With the abdication of Tsar Nicholas in February 1917 ( Old Style ), the government of Russia was initially taken over by a Provisional Government established by the Fourth Duma.

Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov (; born 26 June 1944 ) is a Russian politician, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ( since 1993 ), Chairman of the Union of Communist Parties-Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( UCP-CPSU ) ( since 2001 ), deputy of the State Duma ( since 1993 ), and a member of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( since 1996 ).