It was the mutual bond and obligation between monarch and subjects, whereby subjects are called his liege subjects, because they are bound to obey and serve him ; and he is called their liege lord, because he should maintain and defend them ( Ex parte Anderson ( 1861 ) 3 El & El 487 ; 121 ER 525 ; China Navigation Co v Attorney-General ( 1932 ) 48 TLR 375 ; Attorney-General v Nissan 1 All ER 629 ; Oppenheimer v Cattermole 3 All ER 1106 ).

Natural allegiance and obedience is an incident inseparable to every subject, for parte Anderson ( 1861 ) 3 El & El 487 ; 121 ER 525 ).

The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae.

The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells.

The space between the outer and inner membranes is called the perinuclear space and is joined with the lumen of the rough ER.

The ER is in charge of processing and folding molecules carrying antigens.

This is important in the ER-mitochondria calcium signaling and involved in the transfer of lipids between the ER and mitochondria.

The mitochondria-associated ER membrane ( MAM ) is another structural element that is increasingly recognized for its critical role in cellular physiology and homeostasis.

The MAM is enriched in enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis, such as phosphatidylserine synthase on the ER face and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase on the mitochondrial face.

SERCA is likewise affected by mitochondrial feedback: uptake of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > by the MAM stimulates ATP production, thus providing energy that enables SERCA to reload the ER with Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > for continued Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > efflux at the MAM.

Thus, the MAM is not a passive buffer for Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > puffs ; rather it helps modulate further Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > signaling through feedback loops that affect ER dynamics.

Regulating ER release of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > at the MAM is especially critical because only a certain window of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > uptake sustains the mitochondria, and consequently the cell, at homeostasis.

Recently advances in the identification of the tethers between the mitochondrial and ER membranes suggest that the scaffolding function of the molecular elements involved is secondary to other, non-structural functions.

The MAM is a critical signaling, metabolic, and trafficking hub in the cell that allows for the integration of ER and mitochondrial physiology.

The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is the most significant storage site of calcium, and there is a significant interplay between the mitochondrion and ER with regard to calcium.

Phospholipid synthesis occurs in the cytosol adjacent to ER membrane that is studded with proteins that act in synthesis ( GPAT and LPAAT acyl transferases, phosphatase and choline phosphotransferase ) and allocation ( flippase and floppase ).

The synthesis pauses while the ribosome-protein complex is transferred to an SRP receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ), a membrane-enclosed organelle.

After infection, the VSIV G gene is expressed and is commonly studied as a model for N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ).

Kerry Weaver's last regular appearance on ER was in the Season 13 episode called " A House Divided " Episode number 280 in which Abby Lockhart expressed to Dr. Weaver that if it had not been for her, she'd never have become a doctor or a mother.

The estrogen: ER complex binds to specific DNA sequences called a Hormone response element to activate the transcription of some 137 ER-regulated genes, of which 89 are direct target genes.

The ultimate actions of these compounds in specific cells is determined by many factors including the relative levels of the estrogen receptors ER alpha and beta and the diverse mix of coactivators and corepressors present in any given cell type.

Such an association with the plasma membrane creates the relatively new perception of the ER and theme of “ a neuron within a neuron .” The ER ’ s structural characteristics, ability to act as a Ca2 + sink, and specific Ca2 + releasing proteins, serve to create a system that may produce regenerative waves of Ca2 + release that may communicate both locally and globally in the cell.

Fiber to the x infrastructure has been expanded rapidly in recent years, principally by regional players including Southern Telecom Company, SibirTelecom, ER Telecom and Golden Telecom.

The channel shows the German premiere of 30 Rock and Friday Night Lights, as well a wide variety of old and recent American drama and comedy, including Murder, She Wrote, Northern Exposure, Monk, Third Watch, Rescue Me, Six Feet Under, Seinfeld, ER, The King of Queens, Everybody Loves Raymond, Caroline in the City, Boardwalk Empire, Game of Thrones and Falling Skies.

In the late 1990s, he appeared in several TV movies and was also a guest star on several shows including ER, JAG, and Chicago Hope.

While working on ER, he started attracting a variety of leading roles in films including Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) and Out of Sight ( 1998 ), in which he first teamed with long-term collaborator Steven Soderbergh.

After leaving ER, Clooney starred in commercially successful films including The Perfect Storm and O Brother, Where Art Thou ?.

ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series.

In each decade of her career, she has been known for major roles in American TV / film culture, including: in the 1960s, for Gidget ( 1965 – 66 ) or Sister Bertrille on The Flying Nun ( 1967 – 70 ); in the 1970s, for Sybil ( 1976 ), Smokey and the Bandit ( 1977 ) and Norma Rae ( 1979 ); in the 1980s, for Absence of Malice ( 1981 ), Places in the Heart ( 1984 ) and Steel Magnolias ( 1989 ); in the 1990s, for Not Without My Daughter ( 1991 ), Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ), Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) and Eye for an Eye ( 1996 ); and in the 2000s, on the TV shows ER and Brothers & Sisters ( 2006 – 11 ).

Brown also appeared in other prime-time series including The Rockford Files, Kojak, Frasier, Smallville, Touched by an Angel, ER, and Ed.

On television, Rifkin has appeared in numerous made-for-television movies and miniseries, had regular roles on The Rockford Files, One Day at a Time, Husbands, Wives & Lovers, The Trials of Rosie O ' Neill, and Alias, and has made guest appearances on a number of series, including Sex and the City, ER Season 2 ( 1995 ) as Doctor Carl Vucelich: Episodes 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14 & 22., Law & Order, A Nero Wolfe Mystery, in Falcon Crest as Dr. Hal Lantry in the 3rd season ( 1983 ), Soap, Hill Street Blues, and The Outer Limits, for which he received a CableACE nomination.

He has appeared in various movies and television shows, including Fast Times at Ridgemont High, Top Gun, Zodiac, Revenge of the Nerds, Northern Exposure and ER.

This version has been used in several commercials, films and television programs including Finding Forrester, Meet Joe Black, 50 First Dates, Snakes on a Plane, Charmed, South Pacific, Cold Case, ER, Life on Mars, Horizon, and Scrubs.

After appearing in several minor films and TV series, including a 1993 episode of Law & Order, Fox entered the limelight in 1996 when she joined the NBC television series ER, as the no-nonsense vegetarian and lesbian medical intern Dr. Maggie Doyle.

In television, the song has been used in many episodes of The Simpsons including " The Way We Weren't " and " Trilogy of Error ", and in episodes of That ' 70s Show ( sung by the cast in the episode " That ' 70s Musical "), The Muppet Show ( sung by guest star Florence Henderson with a set of Muppet Monsters and Frackles ), Cupid ( sung by Lisa Loeb ), Scrubs, ER, The Wonder Years, and the My Name Is Earl episode " Faked His Own Death ".

She guest-starred in numerous television shows and films, including ER, Follow the Stars Home, Ghost Whisperer, and The Bernie Mac Show.

Buttons also made many memorable guest television appearances on programs including The Eleventh Hour, Little House on the Prairie, It's Garry Shandling's Show, ER and Roseanne.

In addition to acting, Stringfield has done voice-over work, including the voice of Eyeleen in the children's television show Blue's Clues and voicing her ER character for the PC game ER: The Game.

She has also received multiple awards and award-nominations for her role as Susan Lewis in ER, including three separate Emmy Award nominations in the category " Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series " in 1995, 1996 and 1997.

Other shows including ER, Beverly Hills, 90210, Chicago Hope, The Drew Carey Show and 7th Heaven also put anti-drug messages into their stories.

She befriends many of the female ER staff, including Carol Hathaway and Dr. Anna del Amico ; and later on Abby Lockhart and Susan Lewis.

Since his performance in the movie, Sanders has gone on to a career in films and TV, including roles in Rocky Balboa, ER, Miami Vice, and The West Wing.

Allen guest starred in many television series, including Medium, Cory in the House,, Grey's Anatomy, ER, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Wizards of Waverly Place and Cold Case.

She has appeared in many other TV programs, including Drake & Josh, ER, The X Files, The War at Home, Will & Grace, Jack and Jill, How I Met Your Mother and Curb Your Enthusiasm.