EVMs were first used in 1982 in the by-election to North Paravur Assembly Constituency of Kerala for a limited number of polling stations ( 50 polling stations ).

The EVMs were used in National Assembly elections, National Council elections, and local elections.

The Indian EVMs are designed and developed by two Government Owned Defense Equipment Manufacturing Units, Bharat Electronics Limited ( BEL ) and Electronics Corporation of India Limited ( ECIL ).

The EVMs are now manufactured by the above two undertakings.

The controller used in EVMs has its operating program etched permanently in silicon at the time of manufacturing by the manufacturer.

* EVMs are powered by an ordinary 6 volt alkaline battery manufactured by Bharat Electronics Ltd., Bangalore and Electronic Corporation of India Ltd., Hyderabad.

Further, the selection of EVMs for polling stations is randomized by computer selection preventing the advance knowledge of assignment of specific EVMs to polling stations.

* Bogus voting can be greatly reduced by the use of EVMs.

* Invalid votes can be reduced by use of EVMs.

After rulings of Delhi High Court, Supreme Court and demands from various political parties, Election Commission decided to introduce EVMs with Voter-verified paper audit trail ( VVPAT ) system.

An incident of tampering similar EVMs in India had put their security into question, however the Chief Election Commissioner assured the public that last-minute randomized EVM distribution and adequate backup machines prevented tampering.

This design enables the use of EVMs throughout the country without interruptions because several parts of India do not have power supply and / or erratic power supply.

* In countries like India, where illiteracy is still a factor, illiterate people find EVMs easier than ballot paper system, where one has to put the voting stamp on the symbol of the candidate of his / her choice, fold it first vertically and then horizontally, and put it into the ballot box.

In its elections, Bhutan uses 4, 000 electronic voting machines ( EVMs ) produced in Hyderabad and Bangalore, India.

Electronic Voting Machines ( EVMs ) are being increasingly used instead of ballot boxes to prevent election fraud via booth capturing, which is heavily prevalent in certain parts of India.

* It will be easier to transport the EVMs compared to ballot boxes as EVMs are lighter, portable and come with polypropylene carrying cases.

The EVMs reduce the time in both casting a vote and declaring the results compared to the old paper ballot system.

* The EVMs cannot be pre-programmed to favour a party or a candidate because the order in which the name of a candidate / party appears on the balloting unit depends on the order of filing of nominations and validity of the candidature, this sequence cannot be predicted in advance.

* Since EVMs work on a 6-volt battery, there is absolutely no risk of any voter getting an electric shock.

In EVMs, the voter has to simply press the blue button against the candidate and symbol of his choice and the vote is recorded.

The battery is required only to activate the EVMs at the time of polling and counting.

Therefore, there is no question of battery leaking or otherwise damaging EVMs.

With EVMs, there are much less incidences of invalid votes, i. e. less than 0. 02 % ( source: Tiwari and Herstatt, 2012, p. 17, Table 4 ).

* Environmental effects of EVMs: For each national election alone it is estimated that about 10, 000 tons of ballot paper ( roughly 200, 000 trees ) would be saved.

Citizens ' participation in voting and running for office, delayed elections, electoral rolls, and voters ' confidence in electronic voting machines ( EVMs ), have been notable issues in Bhutanese elections.

In the prison camp's Black Market civilian clothes were quietly bought and forged papers were devised for him ; ;

At that time it was a series of sophisticated social dances whose steps were often combined with other steps devised by the choreographer.

These carts were of a type devised in Pembina in the days of Alexander Henry the Younger about a decade before the Selkirk colony was begun.

The Slogger and Elektuur Turbo Boards were born out of a hack initially devised at Acorn.

The initial two categories here were devised by early neurologists working in the field, namely Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke.

The design program and explanations were devised by Johannes Stabius, the architectural design by the master builder and court-painter Jörg Kölderer and the woodcutting itself by Hieronymous Andreae, with Dürer as designer-in-chief.

These were the Yaoundé II Declaration of 4 April 1971 and the Maroua Declaration of 1 June 1975, which were devised to outline maritime boundaries between the two countries following their independence.

In 1930, the boundaries between the 88 constellations were devised by Eugène Delporte along vertical and horizontal lines of right ascension and declination.

With his advances in the atomic theory of matter, John Dalton devised his own simpler symbols, based on circles, which were to be used to depict molecules.

The essential concepts of the interpretation were devised by Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg and others in the years 1924 – 27.

In April 1917, when German U-boats were sinking many British ships with torpedoes, the marine artist Norman Wilkinson devised dazzle camouflage, which paradoxically made ships more visible but harder to target.

Later on, previous to modern power electronics, process control systems for industrial applications were devised by mechanical engineers using pneumatic and hydraulic control devices, many of which are still in use today.

Organizations were originally assessed using a process maturity questionnaire and a Software Capability Evaluation method devised by Humphrey and his colleagues at the Software Engineering Institute

Various MF signaling protocols were devised by the Bell System and CCITT.

The earlier editions were printed in the peculiar spelling that Dewey had devised: the number of volumes in each edition increased to two, then three and now four.

In time legs were fitted to larger floor toms, and " consolettes " were devised to hold smaller tom-toms on the bass drum.

In time, projects were devised in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere. The modern Erie Canal has 34 locks, which are painted with the blue and gold colors of the New York State Canal System.

" In the longer text of the Martyrs of Palestine, chapter 12, Eusebius states: " I think it best to pass by all the other events which occurred in the meantime: such as [...] the lust of power on the part of many, the disorderly and unlawful ordinations, and the schisms among the confessors themselves ; also the novelties which were zealously devised against the remnants of the Church by the new and factious members, who added innovation after innovation and forced them in unsparingly among the calamities of the persecution, heaping misfortune upon misfortune.

His inventions were based on the printing mechanism from Hughes ' instrument, a distributor invented by Bernard Meyer during 1871, and the five-unit code devised by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber.

After the publication of Bell's paper, a variety of experiments were devised to test Bell's inequalities ( experiments which generally rely on photon polarization measurement ).

" For we have not followed cunningly devised fables, when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but were eyewitnesses of his majesty.

For Silius Italicus, who wrote as the games approached their peak, the degenerate Campanians had devised the very worst of precedents, which now threatened the moral fabric of Rome: " It was their custom to enliven their banquets with bloodshed and to combine with their feasting the horrid sight of armed men fighting ; often the combatants fell dead above the very cups of the revelers, and the tables were stained with streams of blood.