There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, variations in the Earth's orbit, and volcanic activity.

In that early form of chemical science, it was believed by many that the best way to heat certain materials was to mimic the supposed natural processes, occurring in the Earth's core, by which precious metals were believed to be germinated.

The natural abundance of hydrogen ( H < sub > 2 </ sub >) in the Earth's atmosphere is only on the order of parts per million, but H < sub > 2 </ sub > is, in fact, the most abundant diatomic molecule in nature.

It is also among the Earth's most rain-drenched lands, and the water runoff forms cascading rivers and natural pools.

Most natural diamonds are formed at high temperature and pressure at depths of in the Earth's mantle.

Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by natural processes such as wind or water flow, and then transported and deposited in other locations.

Some of these languages, e. g., in worlds of fantasy fiction, alternative universes, Earth's future, or alternate history, are presented as distorted versions or dialects of modern English or other natural language, while others are independently designed conlangs.

They explain that they keep the Earth's natural order of things in balance.

Economic geologists help locate and manage the Earth's natural resources, such as petroleum and coal, as well as mineral resources, which include metals such as iron, copper, and uranium.

Most of the Earth's islands are natural and have been formed by tectonic forces or volcanic eruptions.

Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( May 28, 1807 – December 14, 1873 ) was a Swiss paleontologist, glaciologist, geologist and a prominent innovator in the study of the Earth's natural history.

A meteorite is a natural object originating in outer space that survives impact with the Earth's surface.

Tektites ( from Greek tektos, molten ) are not themselves meteorites, but are rather natural glass objects up to a few centimeters in size which were formed — according to most scientists — by the impacts of large meteorites on Earth's surface.

Measurements of natural neutrino emission have demonstrated that around half of the heat emanating from the Earth's core results from radioactive decay.

Man-made threats to the Earth's natural environment include pollution, deforestation, and disasters such as oil spills.

Since nuclear chain reactions only require natural materials ( such as water and uranium ), it is possible to have these chain reactions occur where there is the right combination of materials within the Earth's crust.

Atomic mass for natural life is based on weighted average abundance of natural isotopes that occur in the Earth's crust and atmosphere.

Water is an important natural resource that covers 71 % of the Earth | Earth's surface.

In contrast with a tax on real estate ( land and buildings ), a land value tax is levied only on the unimproved value of the land (" land " in this instance may mean either the economic term, i. e., all natural resources, or the natural resources associated with specific areas of the Earth's surface: " lots " or " land parcels ").

The current consensus is that Earth's history is a slow, gradual process punctuated by occasional natural catastrophic events that have affected Earth and its inhabitants.

Wind tunnel tests in a boundary layer wind tunnel allow for the natural drag of the Earth's surface to be simulated.

The E3 component of the pulse is a very slow pulse, lasting tens to hundreds of seconds, that is caused by the nuclear detonation heaving the Earth's magnetic field out of the way, followed by the restoration of the magnetic field to its natural place.

Few undersea craters have been discovered because of the difficulty of surveying the sea floor, the rapid rate of change of the ocean bottom, and the subduction of the ocean floor into the Earth's interior by processes of plate tectonics.

This theory states that slow geological processes have occurred throughout the Earth's history and are still occurring today.

The principle of Uniformitarianism states that the geologic processes observed in operation that modify the Earth's crust at present have worked in much the same way over geologic time.

The shape of the Earth is to a large extent the result of its rotation, which causes its equatorial bulge, and the competition of geological processes such as the collision of plates and of volcanism, resisted by the Earth's gravity field.

Surface hydrology is the study of hydrologic processes that operate at or near Earth's surface.

The biosphere is the part of Earth's outer shell – including land, surface rocks, water, air and the atmosphere – within which life occurs, and which biotic processes in turn alter or transform.

However, he was one of the first scientists to recognize that the oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere result from biological processes.

LASP is a research institute with over 100 research scientists ranging in fields from solar influences, to Earth's and other planetary atmospherics processes, space weather, space plasma and dusty plasma physics.

* ( viii ) " is an outstanding example representing major stages of Earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features "

Recent studies suggest that deep processes rooted in the Earth's mantle may have contributed to the uplift of the High and Middle Atlas.

The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes.

These include processes such as variations in solar radiation, variations in the Earth's orbit, mountain-building and continental drift, clouds and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

** Soil erosion – process by which soil is removed from the Earth's surface by natural processes such as wind or water flow, and then transported and deposited in other locations.

In addition many of Earth's landforms and landscapes are the result of weathering processes combined with erosion and re-deposition.

The University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses, often with a particular focus on the environment and sustainability, and also hosts the world-renowned Camborne School of Mines ( formerly located nearby in Camborne ), which specialises in the understanding and management of the Earth's natural processes, resources and the environment.

Atmospheric physicists attempt to model Earth's atmosphere and the atmospheres of the other planets using fluid flow equations, chemical models, radiation balancing, and energy transfer processes in the atmosphere and underlying oceans.

The composition of the Earth's atmosphere is different from the other planets because the various life processes that have transpired on the planet have introduced free molecular oxygen.

The geologist Charles Lyell built upon Hutton's ideas during the first half of 19th century and amassed observations in support of the uniformitarian idea that the Earth's features had been shaped by same geological processes that could be observed in the present acting gradually over an immense period of time.

Scarps are generally formed by one of two processes: either by differential erosion of sedimentary rocks, or by vertical movement of the Earth's crust along a fault ( faulting ).

The Earth's absorption of solar radiation, followed by its outgoing thermal radiation are the two most important processes that determine the temperature and climate of the Earth.

A sinkhole, also known as a sink, snake hole, swallow hole, swallet, doline, or cenote, is a natural depression or hole in the Earth's surface caused by karst processes — the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks or suffosion processes for example in sandstone.