Sharing in the attack on the Electorate of Saxony, Albert was taken prisoner at Rochlitz in March 1547 by Elector John Frederick of Saxony, but was released as a result of the Emperor's victory at the Battle of Mühlberg in the succeeding April.

* Duchy and Electorate of Saxony: 1112, 1139 – 1142, 1180 – 1422

With few chances to take part in the politics of the Electorate of Saxony or receive any land from his older brother Frederick Augustus III, Anton lived under the shadows.

After this Anton became, officially, the Heir to the Electorate and, since 1806, the Kingdom of Saxony.

Category: People from the Electorate of Saxony

Category: People from the Electorate of Saxony

Category: People from the Electorate of Saxony

Hand in hand with the Council of Nuremberg he worked for the institution of a church visitation on the model of that of the Electorate of Saxony, from which after repeated revisions and emendations the excellent church order of Brandenburg-Nuremberg of 1533 was developed.

After or just before the dissolution, the Electors of Bavaria, Württemberg, Saxony, and Hanover each took the title of king of his former electorate ( in the case of Hanover after regaining his lands following Napoleon's defeat in 1814 ) while the King of Prussia extended his royal title to cover his erstwhile Electorate of Brandenburg as well as the lands he held as king outside the imperial border.

The neighbouring Electorate of Saxony also bid for the See of Mainz, but failed to secure it.

From 1657 to 1738 Merseburg was the residence of the dukes of Saxe-Merseburg, after which it fell to the Electorate of Saxony.

Category: People from the Electorate of Saxony

Quedlinburg was forced to leave the Hanseatic League and was subsequently protected by the Electorate of Saxony.

The Empire also contained several regional powers, such as the Duchy of Bavaria, the Electorate of Saxony, the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, Landgraviate of Hesse, the Archbishopric of Trier and the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg ( containing from 500, 000 to one million inhabitants ).

* End of August – Thirty Years ' War: Running out of supply, Tilly is forced to send his army into the Electorate of Saxony in order to secure supplies, as well as to force a reaction from John George, Elector of Saxony and Gustav Adolf of Sweden.

It comprises the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain and the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Electorate of the Palatinate.

He lived long enough to experience the first over throw of Crypto-Calvinism in the Electorate of Saxony, and Paul Crell, his son-in-law, signed for him at Torgau in May 1574 the articles which repudiated Calvinism and acknowledged the unity of Luther and Melanchthon.

However, there was strong opposition from the estates of Saxony, not only because this expensive campaign was exhausting the finances of the Electorate of Saxony but also because they were not pleased at this support for the catholic Emperor, who had often proceeded harshly against Protestants in his own country.

One of his first acts as Elector was the dismissal of the extremely unpopular prime minister, the Count Heinrich von Brühl, who had plunged Saxony into crisis, first with his failed economic policy, but particularly by his catastrophic foreign policy, which caused the Electorate to become involved in the Seven Years ' War.

The two shields in the centre form the coat of arms of the Electorate of Saxony with the Saxon arms on the right, whose gold and black stripes recall the Ascanian rulers ' house colours with the Rautenkranz ( literally " lozenge wreath ", although it is no such thing, as can be seen at the Saxony article ) across them symbolizing the town's founder Duke Albrecht II since 1262, when it appeared in his arms.

Buckingham's popularity suffered further when he was blamed for the failure of the military expedition under the command of Ernst von Mansfeld, a famous German mercenary general, sent to the continent to recover the Electorate of the Palatinate ( 1625 ), which had belonged to Frederick V, Elector Palatine, son-in-law of King James I of England.

After spending some time in Friesland and in the Electorate of the Palatinate he was in 1570 taken into the service of William, prince of Orange, and in 1572 was sent as his representative to the first meeting of the States-General assembled at Dordrecht.

His parents, having embraced the principles of the Reformation, emigrated to the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1578, in order to enjoy freedom to profess their new faith, and they sent their son to be educated at Strasbourg under Johann Sturm.

" In 1615, James sent him to the Electorate of the Palatinate ( German ), whose impoverished elector, Frederick V, had married James ’ s daughter Elizabeth in 1613.

In 1750, Charles Theodore, Prince elector of the Electorate of the Palatinate, sent Cannabich to Rome to continue his studies with Niccolò Jommelli, maestro coadiutore of the Papal Chapel and also a successful opera composer.

The war was fought primarily by forces supporting the unification – the Spanish loyal to Philip V, France, and the Electorate of Bavaria, together known as the Two Crowns – against those opposing unification – the so-called Grand Alliance among the Spanish loyal to Archduke Charles, the Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Portugal and the Duchy of Savoy.

In Philip III's final years, Baltasar de Zúñiga had convinced him to intervene militarily in Bohemia and the Electorate of the Palatinate on the side of Emperor Ferdinand II.

The Battle of Mühlberg was a large battle at Mühlberg in the Electorate of Saxony during the Protestant Reformation at which the Catholic princes of the Holy Roman Empire led by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V decisively defeated the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League of Protestant princes under the command of Elector John Frederick I of Saxony and Landgrave Philip I of Hesse.

In 1625, James was succeeded by his son Charles I, who immediately plunged England into an expensive and ultimately unsuccessful war with Spain, in an attempt to force the Catholic Spanish King Philip IV to intercede with the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II on behalf of Charles's brother-in-law, Frederick V, Elector Palatine, the husband of Charles's sister Elizabeth, to regain the Electorate of the Palatinate and his hereditary lands, which the Emperor had taken from him.

Since Hartmut XII of Kronberg, who is said to be the town's Reformer, had earlier stood by his cousin Franz von Sickingen in his attack on Trier and Worms, Archbishop Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads of Trier, Ludwig V of the Electorate of the Palatinate and Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse attacked the town and the castle at Kronberg in 1522 and forced an unconditional surrender.

She married Charles III Philip ( Wittelsbach ), heir to the Electorate of the Palatinate, on 15 December 1701 in Kraków.

In 1685, with the death of his Protestant cousin, the Elector Palatine Karl II, Philip William inherited the Electorate of the Palatinate, which thus switched from a Protestant to a Catholic territory.

When he was obliged to leave the Electorate of the Palatinate, Philip IV of Spain made him his envoy to the court of Emperor Ferdinand III.

Category: People from the Electorate of Hesse

# Electorate of Hesse

* The Grand Duchy of Fulda ( 1816-1866 ) part of the Electorate of Hesse

In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 Prussia took Holstein from Austria, and seized Austria's German allies, the defeated Kingdom of Hanover, Electorate of Hesse, Duchy of Nassau, and the republic of the city-state of Frankfurt.

The Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to the Electorate of Hesse and Landgrave William IX was elevated to Imperial Elector during the reorganization of the Empire in 1803, in the midst of the Napoleonic wars, and later occupied by French troops and became part of the Kingdom of Westphalia, which was a French satellite state.

Following the reorganization of the German states during the German mediatisation of 1803, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was raised to the Electorate of Hesse and Landgrave William IX was elevated to Imperial Elector, taking the title William I, Elector of Hesse.

From 1813 onwards, the Electorate of Hesse was an independent country and, after 1815, a member of the German Confederation.

The Electorate of Hesse ( Hesse-Kassel ) was annexed by Prussia in 1866, while Grand Ducal Hesse ( Hesse-Darmstadt ) as lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918.

*** Hesse-Kassel ( 1567 – 1866 ), became Electorate of Hesse in 1803

# The Electorate of Hesse

Philipp Scheidemann ( 26 July 1865, Kassel, Electorate of Hesse – 29 November 1939, Copenhagen ) was a German Social Democratic politician, who proclaimed Germany a republic on 9 November 1918.

Category: People from the Electorate of Hesse

* a crowned, silver / red-striped lion on a blue background ( Electorate of Hesse )

Category: People from the Electorate of Hesse

* 1831 Electorate of Hesse ( or Hesse-Kassel ), Saxony joined.

Before it was occupied by revolutionary France in 1792, today's Rhenish Hesse had been a patchwork of possessions of the catholic Archbishopric of Mainz and Bishopric of Worms and the Protestant Electorate of the Palatinate.

* Hesse-Nassau ( constituted from the Free City of Frankfurt upon Main, Electorate of Hesse, and the Duchy of Nassau, annexed in 1866 )

Category: People from the Electorate of Hesse

In 1802, after the Electorate of the Palatinate ’ s downfall, Lindenfels passed to the Grand Duchy of Hesse and was from 1821 to 1832 seat of the Landratsbezirk of Lindenfels.